Fundamentals of Nutrition- Nutrition for a Changing World - Ch. 3

1. The majority of mechanical digestion occurs in:

a. the mouth.

b. the stomach.

c. the small intestine.

d. the large intestine.

b. the stomach.

2. What region of the GI tract has villi?

a. small intestine

b. large intestine

c. esophagus

d. small and large intestines

a. small intestine

Correct; villi dramatically increase surface area in the small intestine.

3. The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the:

a. mouth.

b. stomach.

c. small intestine.

d. large intestine

c. small intestine.

only limited digestion of protein and fats occurs in the stomach.

4. Which of the following CORRECTLY matches an organ of the digestive system with one of its primary functions?

a. salivary glands—produce and secrete a protease

b. stomach—produces and releases amylase

c. gallbladder—produces bile that aids in protein digestion

d. pancreas—produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

d. pancreas—produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

Correct; pancreatic secretions contain enzymes that digest all of the macronutrients

5. Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?

a. Enzymes are unaffected by acidic conditions.

b. Enzymes that digest proteins would never digest carbohydrates.

c. Enzymes are reused over and over again.

d. All enzymes are proteins.

a. Enzymes are unaffected by acidic conditions.

Correct; acidic conditions will unfold most proteins.

6. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of peristalsis?

a. It involves the contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscles.

b. It is responsible for mixing contents in the GI tract with digestive fluids.

c. It involves rhythmic, wavelike contractions.

d. It begins in the esophagus and ends in the rectum

b. It is responsible for mixing contents in the GI tract with digestive fluids.

both circular and longitudinal muscles contract during peristalsis.

7. Which of these choices lists the regions of the small and large intestines in the correct order?

a. jejunum, duodenum, ileum, colon, cecum, rectum.

b. rectum, cecum, colon, ileum, duodenum, jejunum.

c. duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum.

d. duodenum, ileum, jejunum, colon, cecum, rectum.

c. duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum.

8. Which of the following is TRUE of transporters?

a. Water is only transported across membranes by simple diffusion.

b. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both require proteins to move substances across membranes.

c. Facilitated diffusion is the only transport mechanism that can transport substances against a concentration gradient.

d. The only transport mechanism that requires energy is active transport.

d. The only transport mechanism that requires energy is active transport.

Correct; only active transporters use energy.

9. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the circulatory system and its transport of nutrients?

a. Water-soluble nutrients leave the small intestine via lymph.

b. Nutrients that leave the small intestine via blood are delivered first to the liver.

c. Lymph empties into the blood just before the blood reaches the heart.

d. Lymph is formed from fluid that is forced out of capillaries by blood pressure.

a. Water-soluble nutrients leave the small intestine via lymph.

10. Which of the following is NOT true of bacteria in the large intestine?

a. They comprise the majority of the dry weight of feces.

b. Probiotics promote the growth of good bacteria in the large intestine.

c. They produce short-chain fatty acids as they breakdown dietary fiber.

d. They produce a few vitamins.

b. Probiotics promote the growth of good bacteria in the large intestine

11. Which of the following is NOT true of celiac disease?

a. It destroys the villi of the small intestine.

b. Corn and rice are grains that can be safely consumed by those with celiac disease.

c. Celiac disease affects only the small intestine.

d. It is caused by sensitivity to the protein gluten found in several grains.

c. Celiac disease affects only the small intestine.

Correct; celiac disease begins in the small intestine, but it can also affect other organs as well.

12. Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the digestive disorder with its description and/or cause?

a. acid reflux—the pyloric sphincter relaxes and allows gastric acid into the esophagus

b. hemorrhoids—the formation of pouches in the lining of the GI tract

c. diverticular disease—swollen and inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum

d. inflammatory bowel disease—may cause open wounds to develop in the GI tract

d. inflammatory bowel disease—may cause open wounds to develop in the GI tract

relaxation of the lower-esophageal sphincter (not the pyloric sphincter) results in acid reflux.

13. Which of the following choices CORRECTLY identifies a food as either a prebiotic or probiotic?

a. buttermilk—probiotic

b. miso—prebiotic

c. whole-grain rye bread—probiotic

d. yogurt—prebiotic

a. buttermilk—probiotic

Correct; buttermilk is a probiotic because it contains live bacteria.

14. There is essentially no absorption of _____ in the large intestine.

a. fats

b. carbohydrates

c. electrolytes

d. water

b. carbohydrates

Correct; there is no absorption of carbohydrates from the large intestine.

15. Which of the following does NOT correctly identify a function of fluids produced by the listed organ?

a. salivary glands—lubrication

b. stomach—unfolding of proteins

c. pancreas—neutralization of gastric acid

d. liver—assists in carbohydrate digestion

d. liver—assists in carbohydrate digestion

the pancreas produces and releases bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acid as it enters the small intestine.