Aviation Midterm Review

Personal Health, Pre-flight, about runways, aircraft engines, ATC at towered airport, Flight Instruments, Left Turning Tendencies, Radio Communications, Aerodynamics

What is the difference between read + do and flow?

Read + do uses a physical checklist and is completed by reading and doing, flow is memorized and more efficient

What does IMSAFE stand for?

Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol (and drugs), Fatigue, Emotion

Runway Incursions

Unauthorized vehicle on runway

Hot Spots

High risk of incursion areas

Runway Guard Light

On taxiway where it joins a runway

Runway Layout

Numbers are magnetic heading

How do you find the opposite end of a runway number?

Subtract 18 from the number or do +2 -2

How do you specify parallel runways?

Specify left or right (or center) based on pilot’s perspective

What is a chart supplement?

reference for all airports in the country (broken down into regions)

How do you identify taxiways and runways?

Letters = taxiway; numbers = runways

What is a non movement area?

Area where there is no talking on the radio

What is the intake stroke?

Intake valve opens to allow fuel-air mix in

What is the compression stroke?

Intake valve closes, push fuel-air mix together, piston goes up

What is the power/combustion stroke?

2 spark plugs (piston reaches top), mix catches and pushes piston down

What is the exhaust stroke?

Piston rises again, exhaust valve opens

How are the 4 cylinders positioned?

Straggled so they are not doing the same thing at the same time, fire quickly but only one providing power at a time

What is detonation?

Fuel/air mixture exploding not smooth burning, rough engine running, overheat, loss of power

How to correct detonation?

Reduce power, increase airspeed, richen mixture, increase fuel grade

What is pre ignition?

Fuel/air lights before you want it to-before spark plug can light something else does

How do you correct pre ignition?

Lean engine, correct fuel grade, lower engine temp

What is a gravity-fed fuel system?

Use gravity for pressure (ex. high wing)

What is a pressure fuel system?

Engine driven fuel pump (electric for backup)

What are the different fuel colors?

Red (80 oct.) Green (100 oct.) Blue (100LL) Jet Fuel (clear/straw)

What is the fuel gauge?

It is unreliable, always visually check, can’t be used by an engine

What is an induction system?

Mixing of fuel and air

Why aren’t carburetor engines not very common?

Icing (reduced pressure and decreased temp), doesn’t produce an even mixture, droplets of wet fuel, maneuvers affect float

What is carb heat?

Meant to defrost icing, reduced power and increases engine roughness, unfiltered air

What is fuel injection?

Fuel injected directly into cylinder, don’t have to worry about icing, better flow, faster throttle but difficulty starting a hot engine

What is the fuel to air mixture ratio?

1:15 (fuel:air)

What is a magneto?

The things that light the engine (spark plugs, 1 magneto-combustion takes longer, 50 rpm difference between both)

What is the purpose of ATC?

Keep airplanes from bouncing off each other

What is a controlled airport?

Active control tower that manages airspace within (about) a 5 mile radius

What is an uncontrolled airport?

No or inactive tower (listen and report on CTAF frequency)

What is ATIS?

Pre-recorded broadwcast with airport advisory information, updated when airport conditions change

What is ground control?

Movement of aircraft on airport surface (in movement areas)-121.X

What is tower control?

Aircraft on runways and air

What is a proper ATC call up?

Who we’re talking to, Who we are, where we are, with ATIS and what we want to do

What do you do about wind when taxiing?

Turn into wind to prevent flipping (front), back down elevator

What is torque?

Airplane wants to roll in opposite direction of airplane

What is a spiraling slipstream?

Hits tail and creates left force on nose

What is p-factor?

Asymmetric thrust from propellers

What is precession?

When airplane is spinning one way and it doesn’t want to do the other way