Intermolecular Forces

Intramolecular Forces compared to Intermolecular Forces; Dispersion Forces; Interactions Involving Polar Molecules; Vapor Pressure of Pure Liquids; Phase Diagrams: Intermolecular Forces at Work

Induced dipole 

the separation of charge produced in an atom or molecule by a momentary uneven distribution of electrons.

Dispersion force (London force)

an intermolecular force between molecules caused by the presence of temporary dipoles in the molecules.

Polarizability

the relative ease with which the electron clouds surrounding the nuclei of individual atoms or molecules can be distorted, thereby inducing temporary dipoles.

ion-dipole interaction

an attractive force between an ion and a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment.

sphere of hydration 

the cluster of water molecules surrounding an ion in aqueous solution; the general term applied to such a cluster forming in any solvent is sphere solvation.

dipole-dipole interaction 

an attractive force between polar molecules 

dipole-induced dipole interaction 

an attraction between a polar molecule and the oppositely charged pole it temporarily induces in another molecule

What are intramolecular forces?

They are forces in the molecule, like the electrical forces between electron pairs, that determine molecular shape

What are intramolecular forces?

They are the electrical forces between molecules and ions; they aren’t as strong in energy, but they are impactful to the properties of all substances.