Revolutionary Experiences and Early Republic Realities

Flashcards covering key concepts, events, and figures from the Revolutionary Era and the Early Republic.

What were the main experiences during the Revolutionary Era leading into the Early Republic?

The Revolutionary Experiences involved the struggle for independence, and the realization of new governmental structures and realities in the Early Republic.

What was the significance of the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government.

Who was the first President of the United States?

George Washington was the first President of the United States.

What was a major challenge during John Adams's presidency?

Adams faced challenges such as conflicts over the Alien and Sedition Acts and tensions with France.

What was Thomas Jefferson known for during his presidency?

Thomas Jefferson is known for the Louisiana Purchase and promoting the idea of agrarian democracy.

Who was James Madison and what was his role in the War of 1812?

James Madison was the fourth President and led the nation during the War of 1812.

What led to Gabriel’s Rebellion?

Gabriel’s Rebellion was a planned slave revolt led by Gabriel Prosser in Virginia, underscoring the tensions surrounding slavery.

What was the impact of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

The Northwest Ordinance established a method for admitting new states to the Union and set a precedent for the future expansion.

What was the Three-fifths Compromise?

The Three-fifths Compromise was an agreement during the Constitutional Convention that counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation and taxation.

What were the main political parties during the Early Republic period?

The main political parties were the Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising in 1794 against the tax on whiskey, illustrating the tensions between federal authority and local resistance.

What was the significance of Jay's Treaty?

Jay's Treaty aimed to resolve ongoing issues between the United States and Britain but was controversial and faced opposition.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

The Alien and Sedition Acts were laws passed by John Adams's administration that aimed to restrict immigration and curtail free speech.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

The Louisiana Purchase was a land acquisition by the United States from France in 1803 that doubled the size of the country.

Who were the War Hawks?

The War Hawks were a group of young congressmen, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who pushed for war against Britain leading up to the War of 1812.

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 and restored relations between the United States and Britain.

What invention did Eli Whitney create that revolutionized the cotton industry?

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which significantly increased cotton production.

What were the main experiences during the Revolutionary Era leading into the Early Republic?

The Revolutionary Experiences involved the struggle for independence, and the realization of new governmental structures and realities in the Early Republic.

What was the significance of the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the United States, establishing a weak central government.

Who was the first President of the United States?

George Washington was the first President of the United States.

What was a major challenge during John Adams's presidency?

Adams faced challenges such as conflicts over the Alien and Sedition Acts and tensions with France.

What was Thomas Jefferson known for during his presidency?

Thomas Jefferson is known for the Louisiana Purchase and promoting the idea of agrarian democracy.

Who was James Madison and what was his role in the War of 1812?

James Madison was the fourth President and led the nation during the War of 1812.

What led to Gabriel’s Rebellion?

Gabriel’s Rebellion was a planned slave revolt led by Gabriel Prosser in Virginia, underscoring the tensions surrounding slavery.

What was the impact of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

The Northwest Ordinance established a method for admitting new states to the Union and set a precedent for the future expansion.

What was the Three-fifths Compromise?

The Three-fifths Compromise was an agreement during the Constitutional Convention that counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation and taxation.

What were the main political parties during the Early Republic period?

The main political parties were the Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson.

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

The Whiskey Rebellion was an uprising in 1794 against the tax on whiskey, illustrating the tensions between federal authority and local resistance.

What was the significance of Jay's Treaty?

Jay's Treaty aimed to resolve ongoing issues between the United States and Britain but was controversial and faced opposition.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

The Alien and Sedition Acts were laws passed by John Adams's administration that aimed to restrict immigration and curtail free speech.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

The Louisiana Purchase was a land acquisition by the United States from France in 1803 that doubled the size of the country.

Who were the War Hawks?

The War Hawks were a group of young congressmen, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who pushed for war against Britain leading up to the War of 1812.

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 and restored relations between the United States and Britain.

What invention did Eli Whitney create that revolutionized the cotton industry?

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which significantly increased cotton production.

Who was Lord Dunmore?

Lord Dunmore was the last Royal Governor of Virginia, known for his proclamation offering freedom to enslaved people who joined the British during the American Revolution.

What was Dunmore’s Proclamation?

Dunmore’s Proclamation was a decree issued in 1775 by Lord Dunmore of Virginia, offering freedom to enslaved people and indentured servants who left American masters to join the British forces.

Who was Mum Bett (Elizabeth Freeman)?

Mum Bett, also known as Elizabeth Freeman, was an enslaved African American woman who successfully sued for her freedom in Massachusetts in 1781, helping to end slavery in the state.

Who was Robert Carter III?

Robert Carter III was a wealthy Virginia planter who, in 1791, began a deed of gift to gradually emancipate nearly 500 enslaved people, making it the largest individual manumission in U.S. history.

What was the American Colonization Society?

The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 with the goal of sending free African Americans to Africa, establishing the colony of Liberia.

What was the Oneida Nation's role during the Early Republic?

The Oneida Nation, a Native American tribe, largely sided with the Americans during the Revolutionary War, but faced land loss and pressure for assimilation in the Early Republic.

What was the Catawba Nation's situation in the Early Republic?

The Catawba Nation was a Native American tribe in the Carolinas that, after significant population decline and land loss due to European expansion, sought to preserve their sovereignty and lands.

What was the Mohawk Nation's experience during the Revolutionary Era?

The Mohawk Nation, a key member of the Iroquois Confederacy, largely allied with the British during the American Revolution, leading to significant displacement and land issues post-war.

What was the Creek Nation's experience during the Early Republic?

The Creek Nation, a powerful Native American confederacy in the Southeast, resisted U.S. expansion particularly after the Revolution, leading to conflicts like the Creek War during the War of 1812 era.

What was the Cherokee Nation's experience in the Early Republic?

The Cherokee Nation, a sophisticated Native American tribe in the Southeast, adopted many American customs in an effort to maintain their land and sovereignty, though they faced increasing pressure for removal.

Who were the Loyalists during the American Revolution?

Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often facing persecution and displacement.

What was the role of Quakers during the Early Republic?

Quakers, known for their pacifism and early antislavery advocacy, worked to abolish slavery and promote peace, though they faced challenges to their distinct beliefs.

Who was Abigail Adams?

Abigail Adams was the wife of John Adams, known for her influential letters advocating for women's rights and her husband's political counsel, famously urging him to "Remember the Ladies."

What was the Continental Army?

The Continental Army was the unified military force of the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolutionary War, led by General George Washington.

What was Shays’s Rebellion?

Shays’s Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays in 1786-1787, protesting economic injustices and foreclosures, highlighting weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What was the Constitutional Convention?

The Constitutional Convention was a gathering of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia that drafted the United States Constitution, replacing the Articles of Confederation.

Who were the Antifederalists?

Antifederalists were political figures who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, arguing it granted too much power to the federal government at the expense of states' rights and individual liberties.

How did the French Revolution impact the Early Republic?

The French Revolution created political divisions in the U.S. between Federalists (pro-Britain) and Democratic-Republicans (pro-France) and challenged American neutrality in European conflicts.

What were Alexander Hamilton’s main contributions as Secretary of the Treasury?

As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton established a national bank, advocated for federal assumption of state debts, and promoted manufacturing, shaping the nation's financial system.

What was impressment?

Impressment was the British practice of forcibly conscripting American sailors into the Royal Navy, a major cause of tension and a contributing factor to the War of 1812.

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799 in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, arguing that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806), commissioned by Thomas Jefferson, explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Pacific Northwest, documenting geography, wildlife, and native cultures.

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by President Thomas Jefferson prohibiting American ships from trading in all foreign ports, intended to pressure Britain and France but severely damaged the U.S. economy.

What was the Hartford Convention?

The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from 1814-1815 by New England Federalists to discuss grievances and propose constitutional amendments due to their opposition to the War of 1812, leading to the party's decline.

What was Andrew Jackson's role in the War of 1812?

Andrew Jackson gained national fame for his decisive victory over the British at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, becoming a national hero of the War of 1812.