SCHOOLOGY+Modernization+and+Upheaval+in+the+East+PPT.pptx

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16 Terms

1
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Qing Struggles

Challenges faced by the Qing Dynasty including corruption, a significant population increase without industrialization or agricultural innovation.

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Canton System

A trade system established by the Qianlong Emperor, controlling all foreign trade in China to one port and managed by Hongs.

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Opium Trade

The British introduced opium from India to trade for Chinese tea, leading to widespread addiction in China.

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First Opium War

Conflict (1839-1842) where British military superiority defeated Qing forces, resulting in the Treaty of Nanking.

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Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in China (1850-1864) led by Hong Xiuquan, who sought to establish a new Christian kingdom.

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Self-Strengthening Movement

Efforts by Qing China to adopt Western technology and military practices after losses in the Opium Wars.

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Boxer Rebellion

Anti-imperialist uprising in China (1898-1901) by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence.

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Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire (1839-1876) aimed at modernization and centralization of the state.

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Berlin-Baghdad Railway

A railway project intended to connect Berlin to Baghdad, which faced challenges including internal conflict and limited industrialization.

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Young Turks

A revolutionary group of Western-educated elites in the Ottoman Empire who restored the constitution and advocated for modernization.

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Meiji Restoration

The political and social transformation in Japan (1868) where power was restored to the emperor and Western ideas were adopted.

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Zaibatsu

Large family-owned industrial conglomerates in Japan, formed during the Meiji era to drive industrialization.

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Russian Revolution of 1905

An uprising in Russia that resulted in reforms like a constitution and the creation of the Duma after worker protests.

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Pale of Settlement

Territory in Russia designated for Jewish settlement, often characterized by poverty and limited rights.

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Trans-Siberian Railroad

A major railway built between 1891 and 1916, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok over 5,772 miles.

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Intelligentsia

Educated intellectuals in Russia who advocated for liberal reforms and social change.