Stage 1

With respect to the certification of aircraft, which is a category of aircraft?

normal, utilty, arcobatic.

With respect to the certification of airmen, which are categories of aircraft?

Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air.

No person may attempt to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft with

.04 percent by weight or more alcohol in the blood.

What action should the pilots of a glider and an airplane take if on a head-on collision course?

Both pilots should give way to the right.

Each person who holds a pilot certificate or a medical certificate shall present it for inspection upon the request of any

local law enforcement officer.

What action is required when two aircraft of the same category converge, but not head-on?

The aircraft on the left shall give way.

With respect to the certification of airmen, which are classes of aircraft?

Single-engine land and sea, multiengine land and sea.

A seaplane and a motorboat are on crossing courses. If the motorboat is to the left of the seaplane, which has the right-of-way?

The seaplane

An airplane and an airship are converging. If the airship is left of the airplane's position, which aircraft has the right-of-way?

The airship

The definition of nighttime is

the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.

Which is normally prohibited when operating a restricted category civil aircraft?

Flight over a densely populated area.

Before a person holding a Private Pilot Certificate may act as pilot-in-command of a high-performance airplane, that person must have

received ground and flight instruction from an authorized flight instructor who then endorses that person's logbook.

Which documents are always required to be onboard the aircraft?

Airworthiness, Registration, Operating handbook, Weight and balance data

The altimeter setting is 30.12 inHg and the field elevation is 4457 ft. What is the pressure altitude?

4257’

Which statement relates to Bernoulli’s principle? *

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

Which aileron positions should a pilot generally use when taxiing in strong quartering headwinds?

Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing.

The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) specifically encourages pilots to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and especially when operating

in conditions of reduced visibility.

During a night flight, you observe a steady white light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

The other aircraft is flying away from you.

(Refer to Figure 9, area B.) How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tailwheel airplane into a right quartering headwind?

Right aileron up, elevator up.

Except in Alaska, during what time period should lighted position lights be displayed on an aircraft?

sunset to sunrise

Which wind condition would be most critical when taxiing a nosewheel equipped high-wing airplane?

Quartering tailwind.

During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

The other aircraft is approaching head-on.

What is density altitude?*

The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and when operating within

10 miles from any airport

(Refer to Figure 9, area A.) How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tricycle-gear equipped airplane into a left quartering headwind?

Left aileron up, elevator neutral.

During a night flight, you observe a steady red light and a flashing red light ahead and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

The other aircraft is crossing to the left.

When taxiing with strong quartering tailwinds, which aileron positions should be used?

Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing.

(Refer to Figure 9, area C.) How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tailwheel airplane with a left quartering tailwind?

Left aileron down, elevator down.

Which is Newton’s third law of motion?

for every action there is a equal and opposite reaction

To minimize the side loads placed on the landing gear during touchdown, the pilot should keep the

longitudinal axis of the aircraft parallel to the direction of its motion.

(Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 3,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30__degrees__ banked turn while maintaining altitude?

3,960 pounds.

he angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will

remain the same regardless of gross weight

As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will

remain the same regardless of altitude.

When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?

During unaccelerated flight.

(Refer to Figure 2.) If an airplane weighs 2,300 pounds, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60__degrees__ banked turn while maintaining altitude?

4,600 pounds

Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?

Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed.

An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be

difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.

What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?

The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

When at high angles of attack

The term 'angle of attack' is defined as the angle

between the wing chord line and the relative wind.

(Refer to figure 66.) While practicing S-turns, a consistently smaller half-circle is made on one side of the road than on the other, and this turn is not completed before crossing the road or reference line. This would most likely occur in turn

4-5-6 because the bank is increased too rapidly during the early part of the turn.

Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at

less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.

If an aircraft is loaded 90 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight and fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits, how much fuel should be drained?

15 gallons.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) What effect does a 35-gallon fuel burn (main tanks) have on the weight and balance if the airplane weighed 2,890 pounds and the MOM/100 was 2,452 at takeoff?

Weight is reduced by 210 pounds and the CG is aft of limits.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Calculate the weight and balance and determine if the CG and the weight of the airplane are within limits.|Front seat occupants 350 lb|Rear seat occupants 325 lb|Baggage 27 lb|Fuel 35 gal

CG 83.4, within limits.

(Refer to Figure 34.) Determine the moment with the following data:| WEIGHT (LB) MOM/1000|Empty weight 1,350 51.5|Pilot and front passenger 340 --|Fuel (std tanks) Capacity --|Oil, 8 qt -- --

74.9 pound-inches.

(Refer to Figure 34.) What is the maximum amount of fuel that may be aboard the airplane on takeoff if loaded as follows?| WEIGHT (LB) MOM/1000|Empty weight 1,350 51.5|Pilot and front passenger 340 --|Rear passengers 310 --|Baggage 45 --|Oil, 8 qt -- --

40 gallons

(Refer to figure 61.) If 50 pounds of weight is located at point X and 100 pounds at point Z, how much weight must be located at point Y to balance the plank?

300 pounds

GIVEN:| WEIGHT ARM MOMENT| (LB) (IN) (LB-IN)|Empty weight 1,495.0 101.4 151,593.0|Pilot and passengers 380.0 64.0 --|Fuel (30 gal usable-no reserve) -- 96.0 --|The CG is located how far aft of datum?

CG 94.01.

(Refer to Figure 34.) Determine the aircraft loaded moment and the aircraft category.| WEIGHT (LB) MOM/1000|Empty weight 1,350 51.5|Pilot and front passenger 380 --|Fuel, 48 gal 288 --|Oil, 8 qt -- --

79.2, normal category.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) What is the maximum amount of baggage that can be carried when the airplane is loaded as follows?|Front seat occupants 387 lb|Rear seat occupants 293 lb|Fuel 35 gal

45 pounds

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) With the airplane loaded as follows, what action can be taken to balance the airplane?|Front seat occupants 411 lb|Rear seat occupants 100 lb|Main wing tanks 44 gal

Add a 100-pound weight to the baggage compartment.

Which items are included in the empty weight of an aircraft?

Unusable fuel and undrainable oil.

(Refer to Figure 67.) What effect does a 30-gallon fuel burn have on the weight and balance if the airplane weighed 2,784 pounds and the MOM/100 was 2,222 at takeoff?

Moment will decrease to 2,087 lbs-in.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Upon landing, the front passenger (180 pounds) departs the airplane. A rear passenger (204 pounds) moves to the front passenger position. What effect does this have on the CG if the airplane weighed 2,690 pounds and the MOM/100 was 2,260 just prior to the passenger transfer?

The CG moves forward approximately 3 inches.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Which action can adjust the airplane's weight to maximum gross weight and the CG within limits for takeoff?|Front seat occupants 425 lb|Rear seat occupants 300 lb|Fuel, main tanks 44 gal

Drain 9 gallons of fuel.

(Refer to Figure 34.) What is the maximum amount of baggage that may be loaded aboard the airplane for the CG to remain within the moment envelope?| WEIGHT (LB) MOM/1000|Empty weight 1,350 51.5|Pilot and front passenger 250 --|Rear passengers 400 --|Baggage -- --|Fuel, 30 gal -- --|Oil, 8 qt -- -0.2

105 pounds.

(Refer to Figure 34.) Calculate the moment of the airplane and determine which category is applicable.| WEIGHT (LB) MOM/1000|Empty weight 1,350 51.5|Pilot and front passenger 310 --|Rear passengers 96 --|Fuel, 38 gal -- --|Oil, 8 qt -- -0.2

80.8, utility category.

(Refer to Figure 60.) How should the 500-pound weight be shifted to balance the plank on the fulcrum?

1 inch to the left.

An aircraft is loaded 110 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight. If fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits, how much fuel should be drained?

18.4 gallons

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Determine if the airplane weight and balance is within limits.|Front seat occupants 340 lb|Rear seat occupants 295 lb|Fuel (main wing tanks) 44 gal|Baggage 56 lb

20 pounds overweight, CG within limits.

(Refer to Figures 32 and 33.) Determine if the airplane weight and balance is within limits.|Front seat occupants 415 lb|Rear seat occupants 110 lb|Fuel, main tanks 44 gal|Fuel, aux. tanks 19 gal|Baggage 32 lb

Weight within limits, CG out of limits.

What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?

Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.

The uncontrolled firing of the air-fuel charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as

pre-ignition.

What is one purpose for using reciprocating engines?

They are relatively simple and inexpensive to operate.

Should it become necessary to handprop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot

be at the controls in the flight deck.

Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?

Temperature between 20 and 70__degrees__F and high humidity.

The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting

a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.

What change occurs in the air-fuel mixture when carburetor heat is applied?

The air-fuel mixture becomes richer.

What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?

The next higher octane aviation gas.

An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by

the oil level being too low.

The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as

high as 70__degrees__F and the relative humidity is high.

Who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft in airworthy condition?

Owner or operator

An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would

experience avionics equipment failure.

During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?

Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.

What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?

Enrichen the fuel mixture.

The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to

immediately establish the proper gliding attitude and airspeed.

Detonation may occur at high-power settings when

the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.

How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?

The throttle controls power output

propeller control regulates engine RPM.

Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when

the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.

The basic purpose of adjusting the air-fuel mixture at altitude is to

decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.

Excessively high engine temperatures will

cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.

On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?

In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.

Detonation may occur at high-power settings when

the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.

Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will

prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.

While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the air-fuel mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

The air-fuel mixture may become excessively lean.

Carburetor icing can occur with an OAT as high as

20__degrees__ C and high relative humidity.

Applying carburetor heat will

enrich the air-fuel mixture.

The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as

high as 70__degrees__F and the relative humidity is high.

Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to

decrease engine performance.

If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine

cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.

An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by

the oil level being too low.

What change occurs in the air-fuel mixture when carburetor heat is applied?

The air-fuel mixture becomes richer.

How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?

The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.

If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause

detonation.

If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with

too much power and with the mixture set too lean.

What is true altitude?

The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?

When standard atmospheric conditions exist.

Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff?

V(X).

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.