Lab practical vertebrates part 2

Bird heart

4 chambers, 2 ventricles and 2 atria, Is a double circuit heart meaning that there is complete separation of oxygenated and

deoxygenated blood

- The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and

the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the

body

Double circuit heart

Complete separation of oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood

Right ventricle

Pumps blood to lungs

Left ventricle

Pumps blood to rest of body

Cloaca

Single posterior opening, excrete feces and lay eggs

Caudal fin

Propel fish forward

Dorsal fins

Keep fish upright, spiny one for protection

Anus

Exit from digestive tract and also the opening for sex organs

Anal fin

Stability

Operculum

Protects gills, helps with respiration

Pectoral fin

Steering and controls depth

Pelvic fin

Stability, balance, up and down movement

Liver (fish)

Regulates glucose, aids in digestion

Heart (fish)

2 chambers: atrium and ventricle, single loop circulatory system (blood flows to and from heart in a single pathway

Gills

Breathe underwater, countercurrent flow (water moves across gill in opposite direction from the Flow of blood)

Intestine (fish)

Final digestion and absorption. Short because perch eat other fish so its easy to break down

Gonad

Sex organs

Stomach

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients