Classification of living things flashcards

Taxonomy

A branch of science that groups and names organisms, based on their similarities and differences.

Why classify organisms?

1. Allows us to distinguish between organisms.

2. Unique, and universally recognized names are given to the species.

3. Patterns emerge and make it easier for us to remember what we have learned.

The 7 classification groups organisms are placed in. (The hierarchy of biological classification.

King Philip Came Over For Good Stuff.

1. Kingdom

2. Phylum

3. Class

4. Order

5. Family

6. Genus

7. Species

The binomial system

The system assigns organisms a scientific name that is universally recognized by all scientists.

The first name is the Genus and the second name is the Species.

Dichotomous Keys

When organisms are split into groups according to their characteristics, until each can be identified.

The 5 kingdoms of living things

1. Monera

2. Protists

3. Fungi

4. Plants

5. Animal

What determines which kingdom they are placed in.

If they are:

1. Unicellular (Bacteria, protists, fungi)

2. Multicellular (Fungi, plants, animals)

3. Autotrophic (Bacteria, protists, fungi)

4. Heterotrophic (Bacteria, protists, fungi, animals)

5. Prokaryotic - no true nucleus (Bacteria)

6. Eukaryotic - true nucleus (Protists, fungi, plants, animals)

Viruses

Viruses are not considered living things because they do not carry out the seven characteristics of living things, such as respiring, growth, or reproduction, due to them relying on chemical reaction and a host cell to produce more viruses. This cause diseases such as herpes, the common cold, flu, measles, chickenpox, HIV, SARS, and Covid 19. (little itty bitty rant)

The two main groups of animals are divided into

Vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone

The five classes of vertebrates

1. Fish

2. Amphibians

3. Reptiles

4. Birds

5. Mammals

Invertebrates

Invertebrates animals without a backbone

Phyla of invertebrates

1. Cnidarians

2. Molluscs

3. Echinoderms

4. Worms

5. Arthropods

6. Molluscs

   (Examples include lobsters and conch)

Arthropods

Arthropods are the largest phylum of invertebrates which consists of 4 classes

The four classes of invertebrates

Insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and Myriapods

Plant classification

Plans are multicellular and autotrophic producing food by photosynthesis. Plants are placed into two groups

The two groups of plants

1. Non-seed-bearing plants

2. Flowering plants

Non-seed bearing plants

This is our plants that do not produce flowers and seeds (e.g algae, mosses, liverworts, ferns)

Seed bearing plants

These are plants that produce seeds (e.g conifers, angiosperms (flowering plants))

The two groups of flowering plants

Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Characteristics of monocotyledons

1. Sigle cotyledon

2. Narrow leaves with parallel gains

3. Vascular bundles scattered

4. Fibrous Roots

5. Flowering parts in multiples of threes

Characteristics of dicotyledons

1. Two cotyledons

2. Broad leaves with branched gains

3. Vascular bundles in ring

4. Tap roots

5. Flower parts in multiples of fours and fives