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Step 1(Activation of fatty acid)
A fatty acid is activated in the cytosol by the addition of CoA-SH and by enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase, using ATP. Resulting in acyl-CoA
Step 2
Using enzyme CAT-1, carnitine attaches to the molecule and CoA-SH is kicked off to form acylcarnitine so that it can be transported into the mitochondria.
Step 3
In the mitochondria, CAT-2 enzyme adds CoA-SH to the molecule and carnitine is kicked off to regenerate acyl-CoA for subsequent beta oxidation.
Step 4
The acyl-CoA is oxidized into enoyl-CoA by the enzyme acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, introducing a double bond. NAD+ is reduced to NADH in the process.
Step 5
The enoyl-CoA undergoes hydration by the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase, adding a water molecule to form beta hydroxyacyl-CoA.
Step 6
The beta hydroxyacyl-CoA is oxidized to form beta ketoacyl-CoA by the enzyme beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, reducing NAD+ to NADH.
Step 7
The beta ketoacyl-CoA undergoes thiolysis, cleaved by the enzyme thiolase and a CoA-SH is added resulting in the formation of a free fatty acyl-CoA and an acetyl-CoA molecule.