Chapter 1 - Medical Law, Ethics, and Bioethics

Hospitalist

Individual who assumes the care of hospitalized individuals in place of their primary health care provider

pluralistic

referring to the numerous distinct ethnic, religious, and cultural groups that coexist in society

laws

societal rules or regulations that are prudent or obligatory to observe

____ are designed to protect the welfare and safety of society and to resolve conflicts in an orderly and nonviolent manner 

laws 

medical law

the area of law that governs the rights and responsibilities of healthcare professionals and patients

ethics

a set of moral standards or a code for behavior to govern an individual’s interactions with other individuals within a society

cultural differences

age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic heritage, educational preparation, life experiences, spiritual influences, economics, values, health and illness

ethics refers to

the various codes of conduct that have been established through the years by members of many professional organizations, including the medical profession

bioethics 

the ethical implications of biomedical technology and its practices 

bio refers to

life

life-and-death

most common issue with bioethics

people that often look to bioethical discussions to guide them to make decisions regarding controversial public health issues

political leaders

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research 

President Nixon’s first bioethics commission 

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act

two health care reforms passed in 2010

ethical codes

written to further clarify medical law and ethics

Hippocratic Oath

oath to eliminate reference to pagan gods

Geneva Convention Code of Medical Ethics 

refers to colleagues as brothers and states that religion, race, and other such factors are not a consideration for care of the person 

Nuremburg Code

established between 1946-49 and suggests guidelines for human experimentation and is directed to the world

Declaration of Helsinki

update on human experimentation

AMA 

American Medical Association 

Principles of Medical Ethics

guidelines for physicians

AAPC

American Academy of Professional Coders

IMIA

International Medical Informatics Association

NAEMT

National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians 

AOA

American Osteopathic Association

AANP

American Association of Naturopathic Technicians

ACA

American Chiropractic Association 

NCCAOM

National Certification Commission for Accupuncture and Oriental Medicine

NMA

National Medical Association ANA

ANA

American Nurses Association

Patient Bill of Rights 

portion of 2010 Healthcare Reform Bill designed to ensure that there is affordable healthcare for everyone