chapter 8 key terms/events/people

neomercantilist

gov.-assisted econ. development embraced by republican state legislatures; encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity & public welfare

panic of 1819

1st widespread econ, crisis in U.S: brought deflation, depression, bank failures, & unemployment

commonwealth system

republican system of political econ. created by state governments; aid to private businesses whose projects would improve general welfare

sentimentalism

excessive expression of feelings; tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia in behavior, writing, or speech

companionate marriages

marriage built on love, intimacy, & personal choice rather than social obligation

demographic transition

change in a population from high birth & death rates --> low birth & death rates

republican motherhood

expectation of women to instill republican values in children & be active in families; helped increase edu. for women

manumission

grant of legal freedom to an individual slave (by owner)

herrenvolk republic

based on principle of rule by a "master race" --> southern leaders restricted individual liberty & legal equality to whites

american colonization society

land in africa was bought to get free blacks to move there (ex: liberia); most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country

missouri compromise (1820)

agreement bet. pro-slavery & anti-slavery in the U.S. concerning the extension of slavery into new territories; maine entered as free state, missouri as slave state, prohibited slavery north of 36°30′

established church

church given privileged legal status by gov; supported by public taxes

voluntarism

funding of churches by members; allowed laity to control clergy, supported republican principle of self-gov.

unchurched

those who consider themselves spiritual but not religious & often adopt aspects of various religious traditions

second great awakening

series of religious revivals; based on methodism & baptism; emphasized salvation through good deeds & tolerance for all protestants --> attracted women, blacks, & native americans

john jacob astor

american fur trader & financier; founded fur-trading post of astoria & american fur company

benjamin rush

sons of liberty member, signed declaration of independence, supported federal constitution; patriot & doctor

henry clay

politician responsible for missouri compromise; house of rep. speaker, war hawk

richard allen

african american preacher; helped start the free african society & the african methodist episcopal church

lyman beecher

presbyterian clergyman & leader of second great awakening

emma willard

early supporter of women's edu.; published plan for improving education --> became basis for public edu. of women in NY, opened own girls' school (troy female seminary)