APUSH Chapter 1 Vocab

corn

The Mayas and the Incas cultivated corn as an important stable food supply. (p. 2)

horses

It was not until the 17th century that the American Indians acquired these animals from the Spanish. (p. 4)

disease

When Europeans came to America they brought smallpox and measles to which the natives had no resistance. Millions of American Indians died from these diseases. (p. 8)

encomienda system

King of Spain gave grants of land and natives (as slaves) to individual Spaniards. (p. 8)

asiento system

This system required that a tax be paid to the King of Spain, for slaves that were imported to the Americas. (p. 8)

slavery

As far back as the 1500s the Spanish brought captured Africans to America to provide free labor. (p. 11)

land bridge

Some time between 10,000 and 40,000 years ago, people migrated from Asia to the Americas, across this area that connected Siberia and Alaska. (p. 2)

Adena-Hopewell

This American Indian culture centered in Ohio created large earthen mounds as tall as 300 feet. (p. 4)

Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos

These American Indians were located in the New Mexico and Arizona region. They developed farming using irrigation systems. (p. 4)

Woodland mound builders

American Indian tribe east of the Mississippi that prospered because of a rich food supply. (p. 4)

Lakota Sioux

American Indian tribe that started using horses in the 17th century. This allowed them to change from farming to nomadic buffalo hunting. (p. 4)

Mayas

From A.D. 300 to 800, this highly developed civilization built large cities in what is today's southern Mexico and Guatemala. (p. 2)

Incas

This highly developed civilization developed a vast South American empire based in Peru. (p. 2)

Aztecs

Starting about 1300, this civilization flourished in central Mexico. (p. 2)

conquistadores

These Spanish explorers and conquerors of the Americas sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to Spain making it the richest and most powerful nation in Europe. (p. 8)

Hernan Cortes

He conquered the Aztecs in Mexico. (p. 8)

Native Americans

The first people to settle North America arrived as many as 40,000 years ago. They came from Asia and may have crossed by a land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska. (p. 1)

Francisco Pizarro

He conquered the Incas in Peru. (p. 8)

New Laws of 1542

Bartolome de Las Casas convinced the King of Spain to institute these laws, which ended American Indian slavery, ended forced Indian labor, and began the process of ending the encomienda systems. (p. 11)

Roanoke Island

In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish a settlement here, but it failed. (p. 9)

compass

One aspect of the Renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change. Europeans made improvements in the inventions of others. this invention was used in sailing. (p. 5)

printing press

This invention in the 1450s spread knowledge across Europe. (p 5)

Ferdinand and Isabella

They united Spain, defeated and drove out the Moors. In 1492, they funded Christopher Columbus's voyage to America. (p. 5)

Protestant Reformation

In the early 1500s, certain Christians in Germany, England, France, Holland, and other northern European countries revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. (p. 6)

Henry the Navigator

The monarch of Portugal. (p. 7)

Christopher Columbus

He spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from Europe to the "Indies". In 1492, he sailed from the Canary Islands to an island in the Bahamas. His success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in Spain. (p. 7)

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

In 1494, this treaty between Spain and Portugal, moved the line of demarcation that the pope had established a few degrees to the west. (p. 8)

slave trade

Since ancient times people in Europe, Africa, and Asia had enslaved pepoe captured in wars. In the 15 century the Portuguese began trading for slaves from West Africa. They used slaves to work in sugar plantation off the coast of Africa. Using slaves was so profitable that when the Europeans settled in the Americas, they instituted the slave system there. (p, 6)

nation-state

In the 15th century, small kingdoms and multiethnic empires were being replaced by nation-states. Nation-states were countries in which the majority of people shared a common culture and common loyalty toward a central government. (p. 6)

Algonquian

The American Indians had 20 language families and 400 distinct languages. This tribe in the Northeast was one of the largest. (p. 4)

Siouan

The American Indians had 20 language families and 400 distinct languages. This tribe from the Great Plains was one of the largest. (p. 4)

Iroquois Confederation

A political union of five independent American Indian tribes in the Mohawk Valley of New York. (p. 5)

longhouses

American Indians along the Pacific Coast lived in the these plank houses. (p. 4)

John Cabot

An Italian sea captain who sailed under contract to England's King Henry VII. He explored the coast of Newfoundland in 1497. (p. 9)

Jacques Cartier

In the period for 1534 to 1542, he explored the St. Lawrence River. (p. 10)

Samuel de Champlain

He established the first permanent French settlement at Quebec, a fortified village on the St. Lawrence River. (p., 10)

Henry Hudson

This English sailer was hired by the Dutch government to seek a westward passage to Asia through North America. In 1609, while searching for the passage, he sailed up a broad river that would later be named the Hudson River. (p 10)

Bartolome de Las Casa

A Spanish priest who was an advocate for better treatment of Indians. (p. 11)

Valladolid Debate

In 1550-1551, in Valladolid, Spain, a formal debate concerning the role of American Indians in the Spanish colonies. (p. 11)