Chapter 28: The Endocrine System Overview

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88 Terms

1

Endocrine System

Network of glands producing hormones for regulation.

<p>Network of glands producing hormones for regulation.</p>
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2

Hormones

Chemical messengers regulating physiological processes.

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3

Glands

Organs that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

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4

Homeostasis

Stable internal environment maintained by endocrine functions.

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5

Feedback Mechanism

Process regulating hormone levels through feedback loops.

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6

Endocrine System

Network of glands regulating body functions via hormones.

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7

Homeostasis

Maintenance of stable internal body conditions.

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8

Hormones

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.

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9

Glands

Organs that secrete hormones into bloodstream.

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10

Insulin

Hormone lowering blood sugar levels after meals.

<p>Hormone lowering blood sugar levels after meals.</p>
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11

Glucagon

Hormone raising blood sugar levels when low.

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12

Pituitary Gland

Master gland controlling other endocrine glands.

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13

Thyroid Gland

Regulates metabolism and body temperature via hormones.

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14

Parathyroid Glands

Regulate calcium levels in the blood.

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15

Adrenal Glands

Produce hormones for stress response and metabolism.

<p>Produce hormones for stress response and metabolism.</p>
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16

Thymus

Gland involved in immune system development.

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17

Pineal Gland

Regulates sleep-wake cycles via melatonin.

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18

Gonads

Ovaries and testes; produce sex hormones.

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19

Oxytocin

Hormone involved in childbirth and bonding.

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20

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Regulates water balance in the body.

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21

Thyroxine (T4)

Hormone regulating metabolism and cholesterol levels.

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22

Triiodothyronine (T3)

More active form of thyroid hormone.

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23

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium levels.

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24

Epinephrine

Short-acting hormone for fight-or-flight response.

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25

Norepinephrine

Long-acting hormone increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

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26

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Controls adrenal gland hormone production.

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27

Peptide Hormones

Hormones made of amino acids, like insulin.

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28

Fatty Acid Hormones

Hormones derived from fatty acids, like prostaglandins.

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29

Steroid Hormones

Hormones derived from cholesterol, like cortisol.

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30

Amino Acid Hormones

Hormones derived from amino acids, like thyroid hormones.

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31

Metabolism

Chemical processes converting food into energy.

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32

Blood Sugar Regulation

Insulin and glucagon maintain glucose levels.

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Hormone Receptors

Proteins that bind hormones to initiate effects.

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Feedback Mechanism

Process regulating hormone levels in the body.

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Blood sugar levels

Can be too high, too low, or normal.

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36

Pituitary gland

Gland likely malfunctioning in abnormal growth.

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37

Thyroid gland

Gland involved in metabolism regulation.

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Pancreas

Gland that regulates blood sugar levels.

<p>Gland that regulates blood sugar levels.</p>
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39

Thymus gland

Matures T lymphocytes; immunologic functions.

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40

Pineal gland

Regulates body rhythms; functions not fully understood.

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41

Gonads

Reproductive glands producing sex hormones.

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42

Testes

Male gonads producing testosterone and estrogen.

<p>Male gonads producing testosterone and estrogen.</p>
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43

Ovaries

Female gonads producing estrogen and progesterone.

<p>Female gonads producing estrogen and progesterone.</p>
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44

Estrogen

Produced by follicles; signals estrus onset.

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45

Progesterone

Maintains pregnancy after ovulation.

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46

Hormones

Chemical messengers regulating body functions.

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47

Fatty acids

Control hormones involved in estrus.

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48

Steroids

Regulate essential life function chemicals.

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49

Amino acids

Building blocks of proteins forming hormones.

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50

Peptides

Control proteins in the body.

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51

Target cells

Cells receiving hormones like a key fits a lock.

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52

Enzymes

Create and release needed hormones.

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53

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Stimulates testosterone production and ovulation.

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54

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Regulates sperm production and female estrus cycle.

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Maintains normal estrus cycle.

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Corpus luteum (CL)

Formed during reproductive cycle by LH.

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Estrus cycle

Female reproductive cycle regulated by hormones.

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Sperm production

Stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

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Ovulation

Triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH).

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60

Hypothyroidism

Decreased thyroxine production by thyroid gland.

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61

Signs of Hypothyroidism

Weight gain, lethargy, hair/skin problems.

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Alopecia

Hair loss commonly associated with hypothyroidism.

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Dermatitis

Skin inflammation often seen in hypothyroidism.

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Thyroxine supplementation

Lifetime therapy for hypothyroidism treatment.

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Hyperthyroidism

Increased thyroxine production in cats.

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Signs of Hyperthyroidism

Weight loss, increased appetite, PU/PD.

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Thyroidectomy

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

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Methimazole

Blocks thyroxine synthesis in hyperthyroidism.

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69

Diabetes Mellitus

High blood glucose levels causing multiple symptoms.

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Signs of Diabetes Mellitus

Increased appetite, weight loss, PU/PD.

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Insulin therapy

Injection treatment for managing diabetes.

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Insulin resistance

Condition where insulin effectiveness is reduced.

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Diabetes Insipidus

Caused by ADH release issues from pituitary.

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Signs of Diabetes Insipidus

Uncontrolled thirst and increased urination.

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Hyperadrenocorticism

Cushing's Disease; excess cortisol production.

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Signs of Hyperadrenocorticism

PU/PD, increased appetite, thin skin.

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ACTH stimulation test

Diagnosis method for Addison's and Cushing's.

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Hypoadrenocorticism

Addison's Disease; decreased corticosteroid production.

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Signs of Hypoadrenocorticism

Lethargy, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea.

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Hyponatremia

Low sodium concentration in blood.

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Hyperkalemia

Increased potassium levels in blood.

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Dexamethasone suppression test

Measures cortisol levels for Cushing's diagnosis.

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83

Endocrine glands

Regulate homeostasis via hormone secretion.

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84

Homeostasis

Stable internal environment maintained by endocrine system.

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85

Clinical signs

Observable symptoms indicating a potential health issue.

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86

Emergency signs in pets

Weight loss, excessive drinking, increased urination.

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Veterinary assistant role

Support veterinarians in diagnosing and treating animals.

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Regular diet importance

Essential for managing diabetes effectively.

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