Radiation protection/ radiation biology - Test 3

Messenger RNA

Is a replication of half of the DNA that is able to escape the cell’s nucleus and enter the cytoplasm where it directs the cell’s protein synthesis process

Ribosomal RNA

Helps the transfer RNA attach itself to the ribosome

Transfer RNA

Receives the genetic code from the messenger RNA and then combines with the amino acids and attaches them to the ribosomes so that proteins can be synthesized

Cell membrane

Surrounds and encases the human cell as a barricade although it is frail and semipermeable. It controls the passage of water and other materials into and out of the cell

Nucleus

• Is a sphere of protoplasm that contains at least one nucleosus which manufactures and holds RNA and protein

• It controls division and multiplication of the cell as well as biochemical actions in the cell

Cytoplasm

• Makes up the majority of the cell and is primarily composed of water

• This is where organic material is broken down to produce energy and waste is eliminated from the cell

Cystoplasmic organelles

The little organs housed within the cell

Ribosomes

• Responsible for receiving the blueprints for protein synthesis as directed by the DNA

• Then, it assembles amino acid chains into proteins

Mitochondria

Cellular powerhouses that supply the cell with energy

Endoplasmic reticulum

The highway of the cell allowing mRNA to travel from the nucleus to its cellular destination

Centrosomes

Play a role in the formation of the mitotic spindle

Golgi apparatus

Concentrates, packages, and transports enzymes and hormones through the cell membrane so that they can exit the cell, enter the blood stream, and go to wherever they are required in the body

Lysosomes

The garbage disposals of the cells that contain digestive enzymes that break down unwanted molecules in the cell

Solving for Relative Biologic effectiveness (RBE)

RBE= x-ray dose at 250 kVp required to produce a biologic effect mystery/ test radiation dose required to produce the same biologic effect