Herbicides & Fungicides

Phenoxy herbicides exposure

-consumption undiluted product
-discared/excess spray
-pools of spray

Phenoxy herbicides potential MOA

uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation = run out of ATP

Toxic component of phenoxy herbicides

caustic nature of the acid form can cause necrosis

What species is most susceptible to phenoxy herbicides?

dogs

Phenoxy herbicides lethal dose

175-220 mg/kg

Phenoxy herbicides toxic dose

100 mg/kg

Exposure to phenoxy herbicides can increase risk of

cancer!! important in scottish terriers cause they are already at a high risk of bladder cancer

Phenoxy herbicides tx

forced alkaline diuresis

What can you see clinically at high doses of phenoxy herbicides?

opisthotonus

Paraquat exposure

biologically unavailable in soil so consumption prior to soil binding

Paraquat MOA

highly toxic through generation of ROS

Paraquat organ toxicity

accumulates in lung tissue

Paraquat prognosis

extremely guarded, especially if you see fibrosis!

Paraquat acute toxicosis

caustic action in GI, renal failure, delayed development of pulmonary fibrosis

Paraquat subacute/chronic toxicosis

hyperplasis of type II alveolar epithelial cells and healing via firbosis

Diquat exposure

must consume directly than from sprayed vegetation

Diquat MOA

same as paraquat but is less toxic

Diquat organ toxicity

NOT lungs but GI, liver, kidney

Glyphosphate

-wide margin of safety
-irritation due to anionic surfactants (polyoxyethylenemanines)

Triazine & triazole

companion animals are at little risk while sheep and cattle are at high risk

What are the 3 fungicides?

1. Pentachorophenol
2. Chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber
3. Thiram

Pentochorophenol

-inhalation and dermal
-uncouples ox-phos
-high doses = CNS effects

Chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber

wood gets burned and the arsenic is liberated during burning process of wood

Thiram

exposure = crop protectant fugicide used as an animal repellent that smells like sulfur