Chemistry - Y8 EOY

state the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive

potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold

Please Stop Calling Me A Careless Zebra Instead Try Learning How Copper Saves Gold + lithium after sodium

state the properties of potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium

can react with cold water to make a metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas, incredibly alkali

state the properties of magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, and lead

can react with acids to make a salt + hydrogen gas

state the properties of copper, silver, and gold

not reactive enough to react with acids

why is potassium stored in oil?

so it does not react with oxygen and water in the environment

define an element

A substance made of only one type of atom

define a compound

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

define a mixture

A substance made of two or more different atoms not chemically bonded together

state the properties of a metal oxide

A solid which either - dissolves in water, forming an alkali

or - is insoluble

state the properties of a non metal oxide

Usually gases and dissolve in water forming acids

state the properties of metals

dense, conduct heat + electricity, high melting point, malleable, sonorous, ductile, thermal insulator

state the properties of non metals

light/low density, do not conduct heat + electricity, low melting point, brittle, dull, soft

state the 3 main acids

hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric

state the acids' salt names

chloride, sulfate, nitrate

state the formula for hydrocloric acid

HCl

state the formula for sulfuric acid

H2SO4

state the formula for nitric acid

HNO3

why does hydrochloric acid's salt name end in 'ide', when sulfuric and nitric acids' salt names end in 'ate'?

because hydrochloric acid doesn't contain oxygen, whilst sulfuric and nitric acid do

what is the word equation for neutralisation?

base + acid --> salt + water

alkali + acid -->

water + salt

base + acid -->

water + salt

carbonate + acid -->

water + salt + carbon dioxide

where does the first part of the salt's name come from?

the metal reacting into the salt

where does the second part of the salt's name come from?

the salt name of the acid the metal reacts with

very reactive metal + water -->

metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

reactive metal + water -->

metal oxide + hydrogen gas

sulfur + oxygen -->

sulfur dioxide

carbon + oxygen -->

carbon dioxide

state the definition of reactivity

how easily a metal will react with another substance, e.g. water, acid

state the definition of displacement

a reaction where a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal from its compound

e.g. potassium + magnesium oxide --> potassium oxide + magnesium

what can be seen when displacement is occuring?

bubbles, colour change, temperature change

what would happen in a less reactive metal or the same metal tried to displace itself?

nothing. less reactive metals cannot take the place of more reactive metals, and the same metal cannot displace itself

define diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

describe the particle structure in solids

The particles of a solid is densely packed, in constant contact with others, and vibrating in place.

describe the particle structure in liquids

The particles of a liquid are relatively close together, in constant contact with others, and move about relative to each other. Particles in a liquid are not easily compressible.

describe the particle structure in gases

The particles in a gas are far from each other, not in contact with other particles, able to move freely. gases are compressible

Define Brownian motion

the random movement of tiny particles suspended in a fluid due to collisions between the particles and surrounding molecules

When did Brownian first study these fluctuations?

1827

does the concentration of an acid affect reaction rate?

yes

why does the concentration of an acid affect reaction rate

when an acid is of higher concentration, there are more acid particles which means more collisions, more reactions, and so also a faster reaction rate.

gas to solid is called:

deposition

solid to gas is called:

sublimation

why can't diffusion occur in solids?

solids cannot move as strong intermolecular forces hold the particles in fixed positions

define a concentrated solution

a solution which has lots of reactive particles in a cm3

plan an experiment to see if water temperature affects the rate of diffusion

petri dish, different temperature waters, and potassium permanganate, which is purple, so its radius of diffusion is visible.

what happens when ammonia reacts with hcl?

when two cotton balls one soaked in ammonia the other in hcl are put either sides of a tube, a spiral forms where hcl and ammonia react, closer to the ammonia side, because ammonia is lighter than hcl

what is the salt name for the spiral formed when ammonia reacts with hcl in this experiment?

ammonium chloride

state the formula for sodium chloride

NaCl

what is distilled water on the PH scale?

7

what are acids on the PH scale?

0-6

what are alkalis on the PH scale?

8-14

on the universal PH scale, what colour is 7?

green

what's the difference between a base and an alkali?

alkalis are soluble bases, alkalis are hydroxides, bases are oxides

what colour does sodium turn in a flame test?

yellow

what colour does potassium turn in a flame test?

lilac

what colour does calcium turn in a flame test?

red

what colour does copper turn in a flame test?

green

how do you test for chloride in a salt?

add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate. a white precipitate forms if the salt was a chloride

how do you test for sulphate in a salt?

add dilute nitric acid and barium chloride solution. a white precipitate forms is the salt was a sulphate

what is equipment is used in titration?

burette

draw a diagram for titration

how to test for oxygen?

hold a glowing splint under a boiling tube of the gas. if the gas relights the glowing splint, the gas is oxygen

how to test for carbon dioxide?

Bubble the gas through limewater. if the gas is carbon dioxide, the limewater will turn cloudy

how to test for hydrogen?

hold a lit splint under a tube of the gas. if the splint makes a squeaky pop, the gas is hydrogen

what colour does red litmus paper go when in contact with an alkali?

blue

what colour does blue litmus paper go when in contact with an acid?

red