11bio unit 2 (1/2)

got this ong

lipids (say 4 things)

very dense nutrient. the second nutrient to be metabolized, insoluable, creates fatty acid chains attached to glycerol

proteins (4)

build muscle, fight infections, catalyst, create long chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

nucleic acid

RNA (ribonucleic), or DNA(deo..nucleic), direct growth and development of all organisms, both have different structure

list the organ system & function 1-11

1. liver (produces bile)

2. gall bladder (stores bile)

3. ascending colon (up)

4. appendix

5. salivary glands (produces amylase)

6. esophagus (peristalsis to move bolus)

7. stomach (pepsinogen is activated to produce pepsin)

8. pancreas (secretes enzymes (lipases, amylase, trypsin) into small intestine)

9. duodenum(1)jejunum(2) micro-villi absorb nutrients

10. rectum (stores smelly)

11. anus (eliminates smelly)

Erythrocytes (what it is/shape & function)

RED BLOOD CELLS, they are concave disks to have a higher surface area which allows more gas exchange to occur. function is to carry oxygen from lungs to heart and from heart to body. it has hemoglobin which O2 bonds to

basal metabolic rate

the minimum energy required to keep you alive

anabolism

metabolic reactions that use energy to produce larger molecules from smaller sub-units

catabolism

metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller subunits

metabolism

chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life

factors that affect BMR

hereditary factors, sex, age

carbohydrates (2)

type of MACROnutrient that is the main source of the energy for the human body, provide (quick energy) materials to build cells,

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

vitamins

organic molecules that are fat or water soluble and bind to proteins, ain in tissue growth, and chemical reactions

polysaccharides

long chains of sugar molecules

glycogen

storage nutrient found in the liver

monosaccharides

simplest sugar molecules (ONE ring with C, O, H)

enzymes

specialized proteins that speed up metabolic reactions

minerals

inorganic atoms or ions that are needed in small amounts aka MICROnutrient, also help tissue growth

unsaturated fats

contains one or more double bonded carbon pairs

hormones

chemical messengers that are made of lipids or proteins

saturated fats

no double bonded carbon pairs and found in butter

answer the question (out of 3)

(1) weight loss initially because less nutrients being taken in, however since body will convert excess carbohydrates to fat, weight loss is not sustainable. (2) Since less protein intake as well, you would feel less full. If not enough nutrients overall, you may end up losing muscle mass to compensate for missing amino acids as proteins in muscle break down. (3) also the body would not have enough nutrients that are in proteins and fat to function efficiently/ with as much energy as you would usually have

micelles

small fat droplets that have been emulsified by bile

stomach ulcers

open sore in the lining of the stomach due to the thinning of the mucosal layer of cells

pepsin

enzyme that digests proteins the the stomach

gastrovascular cavity

digestive system in Simple Digestion

acid reflux

(also known as heart burn) a relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter causes this condition, its when the acid fromt he stomach goes up the esophagus

amylase

enzyme that digests starches in the mouth and small intestine

endoscopy

A minimally invasive medical procedure that allows diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders

helicobacter pylori

bacteria that thins the stomach mucus layers (causes stomach ulcers)

gastrointestinal tract

human (and most mammal) digestive system. also known as the alimentary canal

lipases

Enzyme that digests fats in the small intestine