apsuh unit 3

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

The Articles of Confederation failed because they created a weak national government with no power to tax, enforce laws, or regulate trade. Each state acted like its own country, which caused disagreements and economic problems. As a result, the government could not solve major issues, leading to the writing of the U.S. Constitution.

Virginia Constitution

Included the bill of rights and influence other state constitutions

Virginia Constitution Protected rights like

• Freedom of Press

• Free Elections

• Rights to form Militais

• Rights to a speedy trial

Property requirement 

those who owned land were considered to invested in society and could be trusted to vote on the outcome 

What was the best achievement of the articles of confederation?

The Northwest ordinance the purpose of this ordinance was to organize and regulate the vast and unsettled western territory. The ordinance mandate that the land be used for schools and also banned slavery in the territory

U.S Constitution

established a stronger federal government with three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial—while using checks and balances and federalism to divide power between the national and state governments. It created a system that could tax, regulate trade, and enforce laws, forming the foundation of American government.

Legislative branch

created law this duty is carried out by the congress which includes the Senate and the House of representation

Executive branch

enforce laws this duty is carried out by the President, Vice President, and Cabinet

Judicial Branch 

interprets the laws and the Constitution.

Check and Balance

Each branch could restrain the power of the other branches. Therefore no branch could become more powerful then the other branches

Federalism 

A system in which power is shared between federal and state government 

power that the federal government did not have belonged  to the state 

like elections are for state and declaring war is federal 

Concurrent power

belong to state and federal government like taxes

Virginia Plan

The more population a state had the more representatives it has

New Jersey Plan

Equal representation every state gets a single represetative

The Great Compromise 

created a two-house Congress, with representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate, balancing the interests of large and small states.

House of Representatives (Congress)

representation based on population this body would be elected by the people

The Upper House (Senate)

Equal 2 Representative per state.

Electoral College

uses to elect the president and vice president. Citizens vote for electors who officially vote for the president based on their state’s results. Each state has as many electors as it has members in Congress, and this system was created as a compromise between a popular vote and a congressional vote.

Three-Fifths Compromise

They debated how slaves should count for representative in the North they said they shouldn’t while In the South they should. So They made a compromise they agree 3/5 of the enslaved population would count representatives.

How to handle the importation of slaves from African?

The agreement was Congress couldn’t touch the slave trade for 20 years for ratification after the 20 years the slave trade would be abolished

Ratification Debates 

9 out of 13 states had to agree to ratify the articles of confederation 

Federalist

• Argued for ratification of that constitution

• it was made up of wealthy men 

• Their main argument was that the federal government needs to be strength in order for the new republic to survive and thrive economically and politically

• The most know Federalist are Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay   

Federalist Paper

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay wrote the papers to prove that having a strong federal government would not lead to tyranny but instead it will benefit all Americans

Anti-Federalist

• Argued against the ratification of the constitutions

• To them strengthening the federal government meant back to tyranny and they believe a central government couldt’t address the need of the entire country 

• Their biggest issue was that the constitution had no bill of rights that listed the liberties guaranteed to the Americans 

Cabinet

The Cabinet is a group of advisors chosen by the President to help make decisions.The Cabinet was first established by George Washington to help him govern at first their was only four then it grew

Secretary of State

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of War

Henry Knox

Secretary of Treasury

Alexander Hamilton

Attorney General

Edmund Randolph

Washington warned against in his farewell speech: Foreign alliance 

Washington in his speech said to resist the urge to join alliances with foreign power because that would unnecessarily drag the U.S into war or negatively influence the new American government  

Washington warned against his farewell speech: Political Parties

He warned that parties would split Americans into rival groups and create conflict instead of unity and the parties would cause people to put their group’s interests above the country’s good.

The Judiciary Act of 1789

a law passed by Congress that set up the federal court system. It created the Supreme Court (with one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices) and established lower federal courts, including district and circuit courts.

National Bank 

Hamilton wanted to strengthen the U.S. economy by having the federal government take over all state debts from the Revolutionary War. This made wealthy creditors more willing to lend money because they trusted the national government and helped build strong national credit.

He used the elastic clause to argue that the Constitution allowed the government to do what was “necessary and proper” to collect taxes and improve the economy.

Why did the Democratic Republicans reject the national bank?

• It only helped the rich and not the poor

• constitution gave no power to create a national bank

The Elastic Clause

Gave Congress the power to pass any laws necessary and proper

Whiskey Rebellion 

• Hamilton put a tax on whiskey to help with his plan of getting rid of national debt

• This put economic strain on farmers because they relied on whiskey

• In western Pennsylvania farmer erupted in protest against this tax they marched on courthouses and assaulted the tax collectors and the rebellion grew

• Washington worried that the Spanish and British would use the rebellion to cause conflict between the native Americans 

• So Washington gather the federalized militias from several states to meet the rebels and forced their surrender  

Whiskey Rebellion: Effects of Washington Actions

• It Showed the new federal government now had the power to stop rebellions

• The enrage the Democratic Republicans they felt the force used against the rebellion equal to tyranny 

Political Parties form: Foreign alliances

The D.R beloved they should help the French with their revolution while the federalist worried being  involved with the French would harm their trading prospects and and the Federalist believe the French revolution has gotten out of hand.The Federalist won the argument 

Neutrality Proclamation 

This kept the U.S out of conflict while also protecting American trade interest in Europe this enraged the D.R and causes Jefferson to resign his position in the cabinet as protest 

Jay treaty 

a treaty between the United States and Great Britain, negotiated by John Jay, to ease tensions after the American Revolution.

• Britain agreed to remove troops from forts in the Northwest Territory.And stop with encouraging natives to attack Americans settler which gave natives less hope to resistance

• It helped avoid another war with Britain and improved trade relations.

• But their were issue that weren’t resolved and those issues will cause a war between the British and U.S

what cause the Jay treaty?

• Inrespone the the neutrality act France American ambassador Edmund Genet went around and appealing to American citizen to support the French

• D.R happily supported Genet 

• Genet was able to raise a militia in America and they started to attack British ships inrespone to that the British armed native Americans to attack American settlers

• Washington was enraged with this because it violated the Neutrally Act 

Alien and Sedition Act

After Washington stepped down from his presidency the vice president John Adams was elected and passed these laws

Alien Act 

Allowed the President to imprison and deport immigrants without citizenship this Act was response to what Genet did by disobeying the Neutrality Act 

Sedition Act

Made it illegal to Criticize the government.Adams believed the Seditious Act speech made society less secure and less free

The Virginia and Kentucky Act 

The D.R said the Alien and Sedition Act are infringement of liberty and they were unconstitutional and unenforceable. They also said any federal laws that is not unconstitutional must be void or nulled.

The westward moment causes

• The U.S gained a lot of land from the treaty of Paris and now it was their time to move west

• The Americans wanted to prove to the Natives they could start settling west because the land belong to them and they can do whatever they want

• The more the Americans moved west the more they kept pushing natives into smaller land 

• Indians American alliances Resistance the migrated but that didn’t work

• After the constitution was ratified the Federal government wanted to solve the problems with the natives by passing laws

Indian trade and intercourse Act 1790

The law made the federal government responsible for western settlement and regulate settlement of western territory of the U.S and to make sure that Americans Indians were being treated fairly. But the Americans settler ignored the law and continued to push westward which fueled with Indian Americans

How did Great Britain fuel conflict between the Americans and Natives?

The British did not honor their agreement in the Treaty of Paris to evacuate the western border but instead they encourage natives to attack American settlers in the Ohio river valley and so did the Spain

How did Washington Address the conflict between the Natives and Americans?

Washington sent soldier to deal with the American Indian harassing The U.S settlers.

Battle of Fallen Timber

The American troops were met with Alliance native American groups in the end the Americans won which led to the signing of the treaty of Gernville

The treaty of Gernville

The Native alliance groups gave up their land in the Ohio river valley and open it up to American settlement without resistance.This treaty would give money to the defeated tribes to receive annual payment from the federal government which made the Natives depend more on the federal government and make it more easy to get rid of the natives

Pinckey Treaty

An agreement between the U.S and Spain this treaty recognized the border between the U.S and Spain and also opening the port of New Orleans and Mississippi river to U.S merchants this treaty ended Spanish opposition to western expansion and made it easier for america to trade

The expansion of slavery

Southern migrated west to grow tobacco because demands from Europeans the more they move west the more slaves they brought with them 

Abolitionist Moment Grew

In the northern states they wanted to abolished slavery

• They used religion to argue against the brutality of slavery like the Quakers

• Enlightenment ideas people were motivated of the idea of equality  

Cotton Gin

Made by Eli Whitney it increase the efficient of cotton could be processed which led to cotton productivity increasing and the demands for raw materials which led to an increase of slaves which made the southern not wanting to get rid of slavery