HBS Unit 1 Test

Superior

Superior

towards the top

Inferior

towards the bottom

Proximal

nearer to the center or point of attachment

Distal

away from the center of the body

Posterior

the back of the body

Anterior

the front of the body

Dorsal

back of the body

Ventral

front of the body

Superficial

on the surface

Deep

closer to interior of body, not on surface

Lateral

to the side or away from

Medial

toward the middle or center

Antecubital Region

front (soft part) of elbow

Axillary Region

the armpit

Cervical Region

the neck

Orbital Region

the eyes

Occipital Region

back of head

What bone is attached to the thumb?

Radius

What are the vertebra regions?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Coccyx

What bone do the ribs attach to?

sternum

Bone on posterior surface of head

occipital bone

What do joints do?

• connect bones to bones

• provide stability

• allow movement

Classifications of joints

• fibrous joint - fixed or immovable joint that connects bones (skull)

• cartilaginous joint - semi-movable (spine)

• synovial joint - moveable joint that contains synovial fluid to reduce friction (knee)

What do tendons do?

Tendons connect muscles to bones

Function of skeletal system

• support the body

• protect organs

• help with movement

• store minerals

• produce blood cells

Are bones living tissues?

yes

Spiral Fracture

bones broken in a twisting motions

Transverse Fracture

a break that runs horizontal to your bone. A break all the way through

Definition of tissues

group of cells that function together

What tissue makes up bones?

connective tissue

What are the 4 types of bones?

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Long Bone

long thin shape

Short Bone

squat cubed shape

Flat Bone

flattened broad surface

Irregular Bone

shape that doesnt fit the other three types

How to look for fractures?

X-rays

What are the different tissue types?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Epithelial tissue

• forms lining, coverings, and glandualr tissue of the body

• protects underlying structures and acts as a barrier

Connective tissue

• protects, supports, and binds together other body tissues

• Bone (spongy and compact)

• cartilage

• adipose fat

Muscle tissue

• contract and cause movement

  • skeletal muscle

  • cardiac muscle

  • smooth muscle

Nervous tissue

• made of neurons

• receives and sends electrical signals

• responds to stimuli and transmits impulses

Saddle Joint

allows angular movements with a greater range of motion

Ball and Socket Joint

Round bone that fits into cup shape bone and moves the joint in many different directions

Condyloid Joint

Permits movement in two planes. Allows for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Plane Joint

Allows gliding movements with almost flat bone surfaces

Hinge Joint

Permits motion on only one plane. Articular surfaces are molded to each other

Pivot Joint

Rounded end of one bone fits into a ring formed by another bone. Allows rotational movement.

Rotation

Movement around a central line. Circular movement around a fixed point (moving neck side to side)

Circumduction

Movement of body in a circular motion combining other forms of movement (moving wrists)

Abduction

Limb moving away from midline of body

Adduction

Movement of limbs back towards the midline of the body (aDduction=Down)

Depression

Movement in inferior direction

Elevation

Movement in superior direction

Flexion

Decrease of angle between bones that form a joint. Bending or flexing of limb

Extension

Increases angle between two joints. Straightening back out

Plantar flexion

Movement of ankle going downwards

Dorsiflexion

Flexion of the top of the foot moving up