Enlightenment and Industrial Revolutions

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolutions.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement that favored thinking and reason over religion; applied reason to studying human society and questioned the role of religion.

Deism

The belief that God created the universe but no longer intervenes in its affairs.

Atheism

Rejection of religion; disbelief in the existence of God.

John Locke

Advocated for natural rights: life, liberty, and property, which are given by God and cannot be taken away.

Social Contract

The idea that governments should protect the natural rights of the people.

Nationalism

The belief that people who share the same culture, language, and religion should be loyal to their state.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the power to govern is in the hands of the people.

Liberalism

An economic and political ideology emphasizing natural rights and democracy.

American Revolution

British colonies in America sought independence due to taxation without representation, leading to the Declaration of Independence.

French Revolution

A revolution in France influenced by Enlightenment ideas, leading to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Haitian Revolution

A revolution in Haiti where the enslaved population revolted and established a democratic republic.

Industrial Revolution

The transition from agrarian economies to industrial economies, marked by the shift from manual labor to machine production.

Urbanization

The movement of farmers to cities to work in factories due to mechanized farming.

Steam Engine

A technology that turned coal into energy, accelerating trade and powering factories.

Meiji Restoration

A period in Japan where the government adopted Western-style military, education, and legal systems, leading to rapid industrialization.

Combustion Engine

An engine powered by oil, replacing the steam engine in many applications.

Adam Smith

An economist who advocated for a free market and believed that government intervention in the economy should be limited.

Mercantilism

An economic system where the distribution of wealth would be more even and society would prosper

Tanzimat Reforms

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire.

Industrialists

Industry owners