Altered Endocrine Function

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49 Terms

1

Pituitary gland

A small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, it is often referred to as the "master gland" because it regulates various hormonal functions by controlling other endocrine glands.

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2

Anterior pituitary gland

  • Growth hormone

  • ADH

  • Prolactin

  • TSH

  • LH and FSH

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3

Posterior pituitary gland

  • Antidiuretic Hormone

  • Oxytocin

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4

Hypopituitarism

Under secretion of hormones from pituitary gland. Caused by tumors, hemorrhage, or trauma.

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5

Dwarfism

Short stature (height) that results from genetic condition. Adult 4’10” or less.

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6

Disproportionate dwarfism

Dwarfism where some parts are shorter and some are normal.

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7

Proportionate dwarfism

Dwarfism where an individual is overall shorter than others.

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8

Hyperpituitarism

Over secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland (usually anterior)

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9

Benign tumors

Most frequent cause of overactive pituitary gland.

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10

Arthritis
Chest: Barrel
Rough facial features
Odd sensations
Muscle weakness & fatigue
Growth of coarse hair
Amenorrhea
Loss of vision
Impotence
Snoring

What is the meaning of A.C.R.O.M.E.G.A.L.Y.?

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11

Acromegaly

A chronic metabolic disorder with too much growth hormone and body tissues are enlarged.

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12

Hyperprolactinemia

Lower GnRH, Dopamine, FSH, LH but higher Prolactin levels during pregnancy and lactation.

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13

Prolactinoma

Pituitary gland tumor

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14

Gigantism

A rare condition that causes excessive growth, especially in height, during childhood.

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15

Diabetes Insipidus

Disorder due to injury to hypothalamus or pituitary gland with deficiency of ADH (vasopressin) that results in excretion of large volumes of dilute urine and extreme thirst.

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16

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)

Too much ADH which causes the body to retain too much water.

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17

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

Thyroid gland produces these three hormones necessary for metabolism.

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18

Thyroxine

Relatively weak hormone, maintains body metabolism in a steady state.

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19

Triiodothyronine

About five times as potent as T4 and has a more rapid metabolic action.

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20

Thyrocalcitonin

Hormone is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium.

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21

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid disorder that happens when the body doesn’t have enough thyroid hormone. There is iodine deficiency and certain medications include lithium.

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22

Hashimoto’s disease

An autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Occurs mostly with women aged 30-50 years. Characterized by inflamed thyroid gland and often progresses to hypothyroidism if untreated.

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23

Levothyroxine

Common medication for thyroid disorders. It is a synthetic T4 hormone that works like a natural hormone.

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24

Myxedema

occurs when the body accumulates too much acid and mucopolysaccharides in the skin, causing it to thicken

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25

Postpartum Thyroiditis

Inflammation of thyroid that occurs one year after birth. It can lead to hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism.

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26
  • Fatigue and tiredness

  • Weight gain

  • Cold intolerance

  • Constipation

Signs of Hypothyroidism

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27
  • Anxiety and irritability

  • Rapid heartbeat and palpitations

  • Weight loss

Signs of Hyperthyroidism

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28

Blood tests

What do you take to measure levels of TSH, T3, and T4 hormones?

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29

Endocrinologist

Which doctor specializes in treating thyroid disorders?

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30

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

TSH meaning

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31

Grave’s disease

An autoimmune disorder that leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones where immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.

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32

Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test

Measures how much iodine the thyroid absorbs

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33

Thyroid storm

Also known as thyrotoxic crisis. A rare life-threatening complication of untreated hyperthyroidism. Characterized by extreme production of hormones, leading to hypermetabolic state that result in severe cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

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34

Thyroid Tumors

Can be benign or malignant and associated with thyrotoxicosis.

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35

Endemic Goiter

Goiter caused by iodine deficiency

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36

Nodular Goiter

Presence of one or more nodules within the gland. Can be solid or fluid-filled and may lead to hyper of hypothyroidism.

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37

Parathyroid hormone (Parathormone)

The protein hormone produced by the parathyroid glands—regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

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38

Hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction of parathyroid hormones characterized by bone decalcification and renal calculi (kidney stones) containing calcium.

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39

Parathyroid scan

Also called a sestamibi scan, providers can use a parathyroid scan to help locate which gland or glands are producing too much PTH.

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40

Hypoparathyroidism

Disease where body secretes abnormally low parathyroid hormone.

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41
  • Low blood-calcium level

  • Low parathyroid hormone level

  • High blood-phosphorus level

Blood tests findings for hypoparathyroidism

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42

Chvostek’s sign

Clinical sign of hypocalcemia which consists of twitching of muscle innervated by facial nerve

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43

Trousseau’s Sign

Clinical sign of hypocalcemia which consists of carpopedal spasm induced by occluding the blood flow of arm for 3 mins

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44

Pheochromocytoma

Type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from cells called chromaffin cells. These cells produce hormones needed for the body and are found in the adrenal glands.

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45

Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)

Disease results from dysfunction of hypothalamus pituitary gland-adrenal gland feedback loop which ends with insufficient steroids.

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46

Cushing’s Disease

Syndrome that results from excessive adrenocortical activity. High levels of cortisol in their bodies.

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47

Chronic Pancreatitis

Inflammatory disorder of the pancreas

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48

Diabetes Mellitus

Disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion.

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49

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Secondary Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Prediabetes

Common types of Diabetes

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