[ 2FINAL ] Chemistry - Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry

• A branch of chemistry that deals the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

• It allows chemistry to calculate how much of each substance is needed or produced in a reaction based on a balanced chemical equations.

Methane

What does this equation CH₄ represent?

Ethane

What does this equation C₂H₆ represent?

Propane

What does this equation C₃H₈ represent?

Butane

What does this equation C₄H₁₀ represent?

Hexane

What does this equation C₆H₁₄ represent?

Pentane

What does this equation C₅H₁₂ represent?

Heptane

What does this equation C₇H₁₆ represent?

Atom

What kind of particle are these?

Na, Ca, Li

Ion

What kind of particle are these?

Na⁺ , Ca²⁺ , Li⁺

Molecule

What kind of particle are these?

H₂ , H₂O , CO₂

Formula Unit

What kind of particle are these?

NaCl , LiF , KI

Molar Mass

• the mass in grams of one mole of a substance

• expressed in grams/mole or g/mol

• calculated by summing the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule/ formula unit

Combustion

The process of burning a substance (usually fuel) in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂  AND H₂O, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.

Complete Combustion

• This happens when there is a good or sufficient supply of air or oxygen.

• Produces a blue flame

• Produces water vapor and carbon dioxide

Blue

What color flame does a complete combustion produce? This indicates that the gas is being burned efficiently without any unburned and wasted gas.

Incomplete Combustion

• This happens when the supply of air or oxygen is poor or insufficient.

• less energy is released than during complete combustion

• Produces a yellow flame

• Water, carbon monoxide, and carbon are produced

Yellow

What color flame does an incomplete combustion produce?

Flame

1

Barrel

2

Air Hole

3

Collar

4

Gas

5

Base

6

Base

The bunsen burner is supported by this, a broad and hefty component that comes in various shapes. It’s attached to a side tube known as a gas tube. It helps to place the burner on the bench.

Barrel

It is a base-attached vertical metal tube about 5 inches long. It has an air vent near the bottom formed by oppositely positioned holes. This can be fastened to the base with screws.

Collar

It joins the base and the barrel. It is a small, cylindrical piece of metal with two holes that are opposite of one another. It regulates how much air enters the barrel.

Air hole

This allows air to enter the burner to form a mixture of air and gas or any liquid fuel with air.

Red

What is the color of the flame when it reacts with LiCl?

Green

What is the color of the flame when it reacts with BaCl₂?

Lilac/Purple

What is the color of the flame when it reacts with KI⁺?

Orange

What is the color of the flame when it reacts with CaCl?

Electron Excitation

This is the transfer of a bound electron to a more energetic, but still bound state.

Closest to Nucleus

Where do electrons have the lowest energy?

Flame Test

This involves introducing a sample of the element or compound to a hot, non-luminous flame and observing the color of the flame that results.