Neuro exam 2

space between cerebral peduncles

interpeduncular fossa

another name for pontomedullary junction

inferior pontine sulcus

what is on the back of the midbrain?

superior and inferior colliculi

CN VI

superior cerebellar peduncles

another name for the colliculi

corpoa quadrigemina

are the cerebral and cerebellar peduncles on the front or back?

cerebral- front

superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar- back

what is the space between the middle peduncles?

rhomboid fossa

What part of the midbrain is the striae meddularis on?

pons

what is the angle at the bottom of the fourth ventricle and what part of the midbrain is it on

obex, medulla oblongata

Where are the gracile and cuneate tubercles

medulla oblongata, gracile is medial, cuneate is lateral

what are the lateral apertures of the 4th ventricle called?

Luschka

What CN comes out of the midbrain

3, 4

what CN comes out of pons

5, 6, 7, 8

What CNs come out of medulla

9, 10, 11, 12

What cranial nerves only have sensory

1, 2, 8

what cranial nerves only have motor

3, 4, 6, 11, 12

what cranial nerves have parasympathetic fibers

3, 7, 9, 10

What makes the SVEs special?

innervates muscles deriving from the pharyngeal arches

midbrain nuclei

oculomotor N

edinger-westphal N

trochlear N

mesencephalic nuclei of trigeminal

What does the oculomotor N innervate

SR, MR, IR, IO and levator palpebrae superioris

what does edinger westphal innervate

branch of CN III that goes to ciliary ganglion, sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

what nuclei are in the pons

principal/pontine nuclei of trigeminal (V)

motor nucleus of trigeminal n (V)

abducens N (VI)

motor nucleus of the facial n (VII)

superior salivatory nucleus (VII)

solitary N (to geniculate ganglion, VII)

vestibular N (VIII)

cochlear N (VIII)

superior salivatory nucleus associated ganglion

pterygopalatine and submandibular

What ganglions go with CN VIII

vestibular G (vestibular n), spiral ganglion (cochlear n)

what nuclei are in the medulla

Spinal nuclei of the trigeminal n (V, VII, IX, X)

solitary N (VII, IX, X)

ambiguous n (IX, X, XI) visceral efferent

inferior salivary (IX)

spinal accessory N (XI)

Hypoglossal N (XII)

CN VII nuclei

motor N of facial n

superior salivary

solitary

spinal trigeminal

CN IX nuclei

ambiguous

inferior salivary

solitary (taste and carotid sinus/body)

spinal n

what nerve does pterygopalatine ganglion belong to

CN VII

otic ganglion is part of which nerve

CN IX

petrosal ganglion is part of which nerve

CN IX

another name for scarpa’s ganglion

vestibular ganglion

types of ascending tracts

spinothalamic (superficial),

dorsal column (deep sens),

spinocerebellar (unconscious proprioception)

dentalothalamic tract

passage of ascending tracts in the brainstem

spinal lemniscus (STT)

medial lemniscus (dorsal column)

trigeminal lemniscus (trigeminothalamic tracts, ventral and dorsal)

cerebellar peduncle (spinocerebellar)

All goes to thalamic nuclei

Types of spinothalamic tract

anterior (light touch, pressure)

lateral (pain, temperature)

Types of descending tracts

pyramidal (corticobulbar and corticospinal)

extrapyramidal (3)-

• reticulospinal

• vestibulospinal

• rubrospinal, tectospinal

what does the reticulospinal tract do?

controls lower motor neurons and posture

what does the vestibulospinal tract do

vestibular input to interneurons of the spinal cord. helps with balance and posture

what is the tectum?

back of the midbrain, behind cerebral aqueduct

what is the tegmentum?

between the cerebral aqueduct and substantia nigra

where are the pontine nuclei? function?

ventral pons, motor activity

another name for olive

inferior olivary nucleus

what does the reticular formation do?

Vital centers- respiratory center, cardiovascular center

autonomic, reflex, posture and balance, pain modification, awakefulness and sleep

what area would cause cma if damaged?

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) to thalamus and cortex

where does the olfactory nerve terminate?

prepiriform area of cerebral cortex and amygdala

from optic nerve to occipital lobe

retinal ganglion

optive nerve

passes optic canal

optic chiasm

optic tracts

lateral geniculate body

optic radiation

occipital lobe

what are the foramen that trigeminal nerves pass through?

V1- superior orbital fissure

V2- foramen rotundum

V3- foramen ovale

muscles innervated by trigeminal

muscles of mastication

tensor tympani

tensor veli palatini

mylohyoid

anterior digastric

the trigeminal nuclei names and type

mesencephalic- proprioceptive sensory from muscles

pontine- superficial sensory, conscious proprioception

spinal trigeminal- deep touch, pain, temp

motor nucleus- to muscles

what nerves merges at pterygopalatine ganglion?

greater petrosal of facial n

lacrimal n of maxillary trigeminal nerve

what nerve merges with the lingual n

chorda tympani

what are the glands innervated by the superior salivary nucleus?

pterygopalatine—> lacrimal gland

submandibular ganglion—> submandibular and sublingual

what nerve function does geniculate ganglion serve?

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

sensory of nasal, soft palate, sinus, ear

what are the sensors for the vestibular n?

hair cells of the inner ear

what is a receptive field?

the area of skin innervated by a single afferent neuron

muscle fibers inside and outside the spindle are called…

intrafusal and extrafusal fibers

what type of nerves do muscle spindles signal?

type Ia and II afferents

what kind of nerves contracts the muscle spindles?

gamma efferent

what are the tendon tension receptors called

golgi tendon organs

type of nerve that senses golgi tendon tension?

Ib afferents

what receptors in joints?

joint receptors

spinothalamic tracts cross when?

in the spinal cord

dorsal column pathway crosses where?

in brainstem above the gracile/cuneate nuclei

trigeminothalamic tracts crosses where?

in the pons

what part of the thalamus does the STT go to?

VPL

what muscle types are striated vs not striated?

striated- skeletal and cardiac

non-striated- smooth

what are the thick and thin filaments in the muscle?

thick- myosin

thin- actin

what are the elastic filaments in the muscle cells?

titin

the active parts of muscle filaments

myosin- globular head

actin- troponin/tropomyosin

smallest functional unit of striated muscle, from where to where?

sarcomere, between Z lines

what are muscle triads? what do they do?

\

T tubule + terminal cisterna on either side

transfer action potential from membrane to sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca ions

what is the space between neuron and muscle called? what’s the neurotransmitter and receptor?

synaptic cleft

ACh and nAChR

what is the name of process by which an electrical signal causes the muscle cell to shorten

excitation-contraction coupling

myosin+actin creates a…

cross-bridge

one motor neuron+its muscle fibers are…

motor unit

many motor neurons for one muscle is…

motor pool

one spinal nerve root and its muscles are…

myotome

types of pyramidal tracts

corticospinal (body muscles)

corticonuclear/corticobulbar (head and neck muscles)

where do the corticospinal tracts cross

90%- decussation of pyramids (lateral CST)

10%- spinal cord (anterior CST)

top of the internal capsule is called…

corona radiata