3. hardware - FLASHCARDS TO ADD TO MY MAIN PACK

Off-line storage

• can be physically moved away from a device and stored somewhere else

• e.g. CD/DVD, Blu-ray disks, USB flash memories, cloud storage

Virtual memory

• space on a hard disk or other storage device that simulates RAM

• HDD or SSD

Magnetic storage

• uses platters which are divided into tracks and sectors

• date is read and written using electromagnets

• e.g. HDD

Optical storage

• moving lasers shone at disk to create and read pits and lands

• e.g. - e.g. CD/DVD, Blu-ray disks

Solid-state (flash memory)

• uses NAND or NOR technology

• transistors are used as control gates and floating gates

• e.g. SSD

Cloud storage

• same data is stored on more than one server in case of maintenance or repair

• can be accessed remotely in comparison to storing data locally

Network Interface Card (NIC)

allows a device to connect to a network

Media Access Control (MAC)

• NIC is given a MAC address at the point of manufacture

• usually written as hexadecimal

• created using the manufacturer code and the serial code

Internet Protocol (IP)

• protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers to each connected device

Static vs. dynamic IP

Static IP addresses:

• assigned manually to a device

• does not change over time

Dynamic IP addresses:

• assigned automatically to a device

• changes periodically or when device connects to a different network

IPv4 vs. IPv6

IPv4:

• widely used protocol

IPv6:

• removes the risk of IP address collisions

• has built-in authentication checks

• allows for more efficient packet routes

Router

• sends data to a specific destination on a network

• can assign IP addresses

• can connect a local network to the internet