Adolescent Psychology Final

Bryan's parents give him anything he wants and do not expect anything from him. They tried to involve him in family chores, but he just ignored them. Bryan's parents are using which of Diana Baurind's parenting styles?

authoritative
incompetent
authoritarian
indulgent

Indulgent

Research has shown that parents favoring one sibling over another is linked to
anger and rebellion in the less-favored sibling.
eating disorders in the less-favored sibling.
sadness and lower self-esteem in the less-favored sibling.
anxiety in the more-favored sibling.

Sadness and lower self-esteem in the less-favored sibling

The three types of stepfamilies are stepfather, stepmother, and
blended.
mixed.
adjusted.
none of these.

Blended

Penny's parents are still married but they have a high degree of marital conflict. According to research, Penny is more likely than her peers whose parents are happily married to
engage in self-injurious behaviors, like cutting.
develop emotional problems.
develop an eating disorder.
develop a conduct disorder.

Develop emotional problems

Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?
Agree on conditions ahead of time.
Treat each other as adults.
Address any concerns that arise before hard feelings develop.
All of these are good advice.

All of these are good advice

Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?

1) Parent-adolescent conflict increases from early adolescence to late adolescence.
2) Recent research shows that Hall's conception of adolescence as a time of "storm and stress" is probably true.
3) Parent-child conflict is stronger than parent-early adolescent conflict.
4) Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence.

Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence

What percentage of emerging adults studied whose parents divorced had emotional problems?
15 percent
20 percent
25 percent
30 percent

20 percent

Which of the following characteristics is involved in sibling relationships?
conflict
teaching
rivalry
all of these

all of these

Indulgent parenting has been associated with _____ in adolescents.

appreciation
altruism
social competence
lack of self-control

Lack of self-control

Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to

lack self-efficacy.
lack self-control.
be shy and withdrawn.
be socially competent.

Lack self-control

It is likely that what percentage of children born to married parents will experience their parents' divorce?
20 percent
30 percent
40 percent
50 percent

40 percent

The ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is called
familial independence.
financial autonomy.
emotional autonomy.
none of these.

Emotional autonomy

Chris gained custody of his three biological children after his divorce. After three years, he married Jennifer who had no children from her previous marriage. Chris and Jennifer's new family is a

father-headed family.
complex family.
blended family.
stepmother family.

Stepmother family

Which of the following factors have researchers determined is important in influencing adolescents' behavior?

peer influences
parental models of competency
school influences
all of these

all of these

Research has found that the result of authoritarian parenting is often adolescents who are
angry and hostile.
antisocial.
obsessive-compulsive.
socially incompetent.

Socially incompetent

Ashley, age 17, lives with her biological mother and her mother's lesbian partner, Daryl. According to researchers, Ashley is likely to
develop a heterosexual identity.
develop a bisexual identity.
suffer more mental health problems than her peers raised in heterosexual homes.
have fewer friends than her peers being raised in heterosexual homes.

develop a heterosexual identity

Kathy has one son, Mitchell. Six years after her divorce, Kathy marries Dan. Dan has never been married before and has no children. Kathy, Mitchell, and Dan make up what kind of family?

mother-headed
stepfather
complex
blended

stepfather

Marcia and John's 25-year-old daughter, Serena, moves back in with them after graduate school. She cannot find a job in her field and works part-time as a waitress while searching for jobs. If Marcia and John are like many parents whose emerging adult children move back home with them, they will
experience a disequilibrium in the family.
have few or no complaints about Serena moving back home.
try to avoid interaction with Serena and just continue their life as before.
overcompensate for Serena's lack of financial independence by pampering her.

Experience a disequilibrium in the family

Adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families are more likely than those whose parents did not divorce to do which of the following?

have academic problems
show acting-out behavior and delinquency
experience anxiety and depression
all of these

all of these

Which of the following teens is most likely to run away from home?

1. Ali, who wants to be with her boyfriend, but is banned by her parents from seeing him.
2. Jeff, whose parents are heroin addicts and often have no food in the house.
3. Jeremy, whose parents fight constantly, to the point that he feels like he is living in a "war zone."
4. All of these teens are likely to run away from home.

All of these teens are likely to run away from home

Adolescents are most likely to have conflict with their
fathers.
siblings.
mothers.
romantic partners

mothers

The largest group of adolescents with gay and lesbian parents are likely those who
were adopted.
were conceived though artificial insemination.
were born in the context of heterosexual relationships of one of their parents.
are in foster care.

were born in the context of heterosexual relationships of one of their parents

Sherry and Jason have two children each from previous marriages. When they marry, they create a
co-parenting family.
blended family.
extended family.
kin-oriented family.

blended family

Greg, age 23, moves back home with his parents in order to save money to buy a house. If Greg and his parents are like many families that experience this "boomerang" phenomenon, Greg will complain that his parents

restrict his independence.
do too much for him.
are angry at him for moving back home.
none of these

restrict his independence

Eli has an insecure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Eli's attachment situation makes him more likely to experience:

good peer relationships.
depression.
successful autonomy.
none of these.

depression

A recent study revealed that adolescent girls with divorced parents were especially vulnerable to
dating violence.
anorexia nervosa.
depression.
bulimia

depression

Jonathan, age 16, has a secure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Jonathan should have
a high capacity for intimacy.
a slightly higher risk for experimenting with alcohol than peers with different attachment styles.
fewer friends than his peers, because he spends more time with his parents.
high grades in school

a high capacity for intimacy

Michael's parents never discuss their rules. If he asks for an explanation, they answer, "Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting?
authoritarian
authoritative
neglectful
indulgent

authoritarian

The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was
warm and controlling.
restrictive and punitive.
permissive and indulgent.
permissive and neglectful.

warm and controlling

Heidi, age 23, is an emerging adult whose parents divorced when she was 12. Heidi admits that she has some emotional scarring from the divorce. According to Hetherington's research, Heidi is likely to be ___.

clinically depressed.
caring and empathetic to young adolescents from divorced families.
responsible and a good worker.
careful in making her decisions.

clinically depressed

Jeremy's parents have divorced. If Jeremy's situation is typical of many divorced families, he can expect that:

1) his mother will have less money than when she was married.
2) his mother will have more money than when she was married, due to child support and alimony payments.
3) his standard of living will increase slightly.
4) none of these will happen.

his mother will have less money than when she was married

Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life. She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents. Delaney's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
authoritative
authoritarian
neglectful
incompetent

neglectful

Don is an African American teen who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his parents. Don's father works two jobs to provide for his family but he always has time to listen to Don, and their weekly "burger and bowling" night is something that they both enjoy. According to research, Don is more likely than his counterparts who do not have a close relationship with their fathers to
go to college.
stay out of jail.
have good mental health.
do all of these.

do all of these

Caitlin, age 17, wants to move out of her home and move in with her 20-year-old friend, Liza. Caitlin's parents have gradually allowed her to have a car and a part-time job and to make her own decisions about her activities, but they forbid her to move out at this time. No matter how hard Caitlin pushes, her parents remain firm. This example illustrates:

an authoritarian, controlling parenting style.
relinquishing control in areas where the adolescent can make mature decisions.
parental fear of the "empty nest."
alienation of family members.

relinquishing control in areas where the adolescent can make mature decisions

Maureen's parents have clear, reasonable rules, which they communicate and enforce. They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings. Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
indulgent
collaborative
authoritative
authoritarian

Authoritative

Recent research found that vulnerable youth who participate in positive extracurricular activities in high school were more likely than non-participants to

enter the military.
enroll in college.
volunteer in their communities as adults.
do none of these.

enroll in college

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of divorce?
Andrea, a 43-year-old lawyer who has been married for 12 years
Connie, a 19-year-old high school graduate who has been married for a year
Joel, a 26-year-old youth minister who has been married for two years
Harry, a 40-year-old physician whose parents divorced when he was 25 years old

Connie, a 19-year-old high school graduate who has been married for a year

Tyler and Andrew like to play basketball together and "hang out," but they really don't know much about each other's lives. This type of friendship is one primarily of
physical support.
social comparison.
ego support.
companionship.

companionship

A recent study found that, for girls, achievement of their best friends is linked to the adolescent:

being involved in a team sport in high school.
being involved in extracurricular activities in high school.
taking math courses in high school.
taking science courses in high school.

taking math courses in high school

There is increasing evidence that _____ plays an important role in the peer group and friendships.
socioeconomic status
ethnicity
sexual orientation
gender

gender

The average age of the initial same-sex activity for females is
10 to 14.
18 to 22.
14 to 18.
12 to 16

14 to 18

A high frequency of dating in middle adolescence has been linked to____.

delinquency.
depression.
substance abuse.
all of these.

all of these

The best predictor of whether rejected children engage in delinquent behavior or drop out of school later, during adolescence is:

low rates of interactions with their peers.
aggression towards peers in junior high school.
aggression towards peers in elementary school.
use of alcohol in ninth grade.

aggression towards peer in elementary school

It is recommended that premarital education begin approximately _____ prior to the wedding.
two years
six months
three months
one month

six months

Which of the following factors is associated with cohabitation?

educational level
geographic location
socioeconomic status
career status

socioeconomic status

Janet dates Ryan primarily because he is popular and good-looking. Which of the following functions of dating does this fulfill for Janet?
mate selection
socialization
recreation
status

status

Girls' friendships in adolescence are more likely than boys' to focus on
intimacy.
shared activities.
excitement.
ego support.

intimacy

Alex is described as "shy" by his peers; he has a low rate of interaction with peers. Alex is likely to be classified as a(n) _____ child.

neglected
rejected
average
controversial

neglected

When parents impose strict rules on the dating behavior of their adolescent children, the adolescents frequently deal with this conflict by:

1) dating without the knowledge of their parents.
2) having a teacher or coach talk to their parents about the norms of dating in the United States.
3) abiding by their parents' rules but showing open hostility.
4) doing none of these.

dating without the knowledge of their parents

Researchers have found links between romantic relationships and

academic success.
adolescent friendships.
quality of sibling relationships.
socioeconomic status.

adolescent friendships

Travis, age 16, is friends with a group of young men ages 21 to 23. According to research, Travis is more likely than his counterparts with same-age friends to
engage in early sexual behavior.
be highly mature.
be employed.
have older sisters.

engage in early sexual behavior

Chronic loneliness has been linked to ___.

impaired cognition.
impaired physical health.
poor grades.
stealing.

impaired physical health

Individuals who are about the same age or maturity level are called ___.

friends.
colleagues.
peers.
classmates.

peers

The type of love characterized by the desire to have another person near and to have a deep, caring affection for that person is called:

eros.
agape.
filial love.
affectionate love.

affectionate love

Which of the following is NOT one of the six functions of friendship?
financial support
physical support
stimulation
social comparison

financial support

Mrs. Brice has several adolescents in her class who are clearly regarded as "weird" by their peers. In order to change the attitude of the majority group toward these few students, Mrs. Brice implements a strategy in which
the whole class undergoes social-skills training.
the whole class works together on a common goal of organizing a food drive.
the outcast students are paired with sympathetic classmates in hopes of raising their popularity.
none of these happens

the whole class works together on a common goal of organizing a food drive

Lisa lives with her boyfriend, Jeff. According to recent research, Lisa is more at risk for _____ than her married counterparts.

depression
partner violence
alcoholism
eating disorders

partner violence

Which of the basic social needs identified by Sullivan intensifies in early adolescence?

the need for a secure attachment
the need for playful companionship
the need for intimacy
the need for sexual relations

the need for intimacy

Providing a friend with amusement is a function of friendship called
ego support.
social comparison.
companionship.
stimulation.

stimulation

Shirlee and John are both widowed and they have found that they want to be with each other and to grow old together. They both say, "romance is for the young," and they are happy with their relationship. Shirlee and John share which type of love?

companionate
erotic
agape
filial

companionate

Being rejected or overlooked by peers can lead some adolescents to:

become closer to their parents.
be vulnerable to cult recruiters.
feel lonely or hostile.
become closer to their siblings.

feel lonely or hostile

Most adolescent love is characterized by
affectionate love.
romantic love.
companionate love.
agape.

romantic love

Ali says that her peer group is very important to her. Which of the following things will Ali likely say her peers do for her?

provide a source of information about the world outside of the family
give her feedback about her abilities
serve as form of social comparison
all of these

all of these

Researchers have found a link between early dating and ____.

adolescent pregnancy.
suicide.
eating disorders.
none of these.

adolescent pregnancy

Matt is a 26-year-old single man. Although he has a great job, a nice apartment, and many friends, he is often

stereotyped.
seen as lonely.
seen as having trouble settling down.
all of these may be true

all of these may be true

Rosemary encourages her friend Meredith to try harder in her biology class. Rosemary tells Meredith that she can get a good grade and offers to give her feedback on her reports. Which function of friendship is Rosemary providing for Meredith?

intimacy/affection
ego support
stimulation
social comparison

ego support

The average age of initial same-sex activity for males is
11 to 13.
13 to 15.
15 to 17.
17 to 19.

13 to 15

James is actively disliked by his peers. He seems to have no idea how to enter a conversation with others; he frequently barges in and starts talking about an entirely different topic. Which of the following conglomerate strategies might assist James to be more accepted by his peers?

Offer comments about the interests of the peer group.
Listen quietly and slowly ease into a conversation.
Don't try to change the dynamics of the group.
All of these strategies could help James.

All of these strategies could help James

Brenda listens carefully to her friends, controls her own negative emotions, and is self-confident. Brenda is most likely classified as a(n) _____ child.

controversial
average
popular
neglected

popular

Haley and Andrew, both age 12, are "going out." They eat lunch together every day, sit together on the bus, and meet at the weekly school dance. This early relationship helps them to
validate their attractiveness to the opposite sex.
learn how to interact romantically.
negotiate socializing in a later heterosexual group.
do all of these.

do all of these

Justin is extremely goal-oriented, optimistic, and driven. Carol Dweck would say that Justin has a
growth mindset.
fixed mindset.
performance mindset.
none of these.

Growth mindset

Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development?
socioeconomic status.
geographical location.
influences of parents.
influences of peers.

Geographical location

Which of the following statements regarding the artistic career-related personality type is TRUE?

1) Not many jobs match up with the artistic personality type.
2) Most artistic types have no problem finding a job that matches their personality, but these jobs pay poorly.
3) Artistic types like people and often use their free time to teach their particular skill to others.
4) None of these is true.

Not many jobs match up with the artistic personality type

Luke, age 15, wants to be an engineer. If Luke is like many high-school students
he will not be realistic about his ability to complete an engineering degree in college.
he will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major.
he knows how to go through the college-admission process.
he knows what different careers he can have with a degree in engineering.

He will need help to choose the correct high-school courses that will position him to enter college with an engineering major

People with which career-personality type are likely to be happy in jobs in teaching, social work, and counseling?
social
realistic
enterprising
conventional

Social

One of the largest mentoring programs, which pairs volunteer mentors with at-risk youth, is

the Sweet Adelines.
Big Brothers Big Sisters.
the Shriners.
4-H Club.

Big Brothers Big Sisters

Jared wants to be an auto mechanic and to someday own his own shop. Where is Jared most likely to receive his education in automotive technology?
at a two-year college
at a vocational high school
at a four-year institution
on the job

A two-year college

Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation.
extrinsic factors
cognitive factors
intrinsic factors
control tools

extrinsic factor

Mrs. Hynes meets with Devon to discuss his low grade in her class. Educational psychologists recommend getting adolescents to attribute their poor performance to internal factors. Which of the following statements by Devon would indicate to Mrs. Hynes that he has this concept?

1) "Your tests are almost impossible to pass."
2) "When you walk up and down the aisles while I am taking a test, you make me nervous."
3) "I am working too many hours at my job and I have not been putting in the time to study."
4) "My house is too noisy; I share a room with my younger brother and he is a jerk!"

"I am working too many hours at my job and I have not been putting in the time to study"

Jerry's friends are aggressive towards other students, and they frequently disrupt classes with their behaviors. A recent study indicates that Jerry's choice of friends is linked to:

a higher likelihood of depression.
a lower likelihood of graduating from high school.
a higher likelihood of participating in extracurricular activities.
a lower likelihood of skipping school.

A lower likelihood of graduating from high school

Byron hears that his friend, Tim, got a 77 on his last health science test; Byron got a 91 on the same exam. Byron thinks, "I'm better at this health science material than Tim." Byron is engaging in
academic comparison.
peer appraisal.
hierarchy construction.
social comparison.

Social comparison

Claire is in a program where she is matched with a member of the community who can help her to develop her interest in nonprofit organizational management. Claire is in a(n) _____ mentoring program.

formal
informal
school-partnership
natural

formal

Otis is controlling and he can sometimes be mean. He says, "This is me; take it or leave it. I'm not able to change." According to Carol Dweck, Otis

has an antisocial personality disorder.
has a fixed mindset.
is expressing learned helplessness.
is not sufficiently motivated to change.

Has a fixed mindset

Marion, age 38, has a 2-year-old son. Since his birth, she has remained home, and she loves being a stay-at-home mother. She enjoyed all of the years that she was a successful advertising executive, but she has no plans to return to paid work until her son is in school. Marion's choice is

1) not typical of today's professional women; they are more apt to want to have a career and a family.
2) very typical of today's professional women.
3) somewhat atypical; most women today try to work from home while they are raising their children.
4) atypical; most professional women have nannies to raise their children while they devote themselves to climbing the career ladder.

not typical of today's professional women; they are more apt to want to have a career and a family

About what percentage of tenth-graders today combine school and part-time work?
35 percent
45 percent
60 percent
90 percent

90 percent

Adolescents with a performance orientation are focused on:

skill development.
self-efficacy.
accountability.
winning.

winning

Simon tells his mother that he wants to have all of his homework done by dinnertime every day instead of waiting until after dinner to even get started. This is an example of
a proximal goal.
a distal goal.
an optimal goal.
none of these.

a proximal goal

Marina values nonconformity and sometimes has difficulty in social relationships. According to Holland, she probably scores highly in the _____ career-related personality type.

enterprising
conventional
realistic
artistic

artistic

In a recent survey it was found that approximately what percentage of part-time college students were employed?

60 percent
70 percent
80 percent
90 percent

80 percent

Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.

extrinsic factors
cognitive factors
intrinsic factors
incentives

intrinsic factors

Perceived causes of outcomes are known as
analyses.
influences.
attributions.
precursors.

attributions

Which of the following statements regarding college students and work is TRUE?

1) As the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school.
2) Most colleges try to reserve some sections of classes for working students to make scheduling easier for these students.
3) Most colleges restrict the number of hours that students can work and still remain in good standing.
4) All of these are true.

as the number of hours of work increases, so does the likelihood of dropping out of school

Elena, a college junior, has gradually been increasing her hours at her job. According to research, Elena may

develop a sleep disorder due to anxiety.
see a decrease in her grades.
have fewer financial concerns than her friends.
experience all of these.

see a decrease in her grades

Shelby's parents devalue her choice of career. Shelby wants to become a cosmetologist. Her long-term goal is to own and manage her own day spa offering a range of services. Her parents want her to go to college and "become someone other than a glorified hairdresser." Research has shown that Shelby:

1) will ignore her parents and pursue her dream.
2) may be influenced by her parents' values and beliefs.
3) will probably change her mind and go to college to please her parents.
4) will do none of these.

Shelby may be influenced by her parents' values and beliefs

The career-related personality type that is characterized by indifference to social relationships, troubled emotional situations, and aloofness is the _____ type.

enterprising
conventional
realistic
investigative

investigative

Luz's neighbor, Dr. Spire, is a professor of sociology at a community college. Dr. Spire takes Luz to class with her when Luz is on school vacation, and she encourages Luz to think about attending college. Luz has great respect for Dr. Spire, and Dr. Spire loves watching Luz grow more confident in her ability to go on to college. This is an example of
formal mentoring.
quasi-parental mentoring.
upward-mobility mentoring.
natural mentoring.

natural mentoring

Wes takes a career-personality test that says that he would be best suited for a career as a farmer, truck driver, or pilot. These careers match which of the career-related personality types identified by John Holland?
investigative
conventional
realistic
social

realistic

Mrs. Sands is a school counselor. When interviewed about what she likes LEAST about her job, research has shown that she is most likely to say,

1) "I have too many students to advise and not enough time in my day."
2) "School psychologists should be doing this job; I need to focus on students with mental health issues."
3) "Kids today don't want my help; I have too much 'down time'."
4) "My job is becoming obsolete; most school districts are contracting out to neighborhood career centers to help students choose their careers"

" I have too many students to advise and not enough time in my day"

Carol Dweck refers to the cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves as their
self-ideal.
self-appraisal.
mindset.
mindmap.

mindset

Claudia is a 23-year-old emerging adult. Her transition from school to work is most strongly influenced by her

geographic location.
level of education.
ethnic background.
personality.

level of education