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46 Terms

1

The study of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology

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2
Developmental Psychology
The study of human growth and change from prenatal to old age.
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3
Physiological Psychology
Investigates the basis of behavior, thought, and emotions, focusing on the biological reasons behind behavior.
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4
Experimental Psychology
Investigates basic psychological mental processes, focusing on how people think, learn, and remember through controlled experiments.
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5
Personality Psychology
The study of personality traits and how they develop.
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6
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that assesses and treats mental illness and behavioral/psychological disorders.
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7
Counseling Psychology
Helps people cope with life challenges and improve their well-being.
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8
Social Psychology
The study of how individuals are influenced by thoughts, feelings, and behavior by society and other people.
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9
I/O Psychology
The study of workplace behavior to improve productivity and job satisfaction.
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10
Person-Situation Debate
The debate over whether behavior is determined more by personality or situational factors.
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11
Nature-Nurture Debate
The ongoing debate over the influence of genetics (nature) vs. environment (nurture) on behavior.
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12
Stability-Change Debate
The debate over whether traits persist or change over time.
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13
Diversity-Universality Debate
The extent to which psychological principles apply universally or are culture-specific.
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14
The Scientific Method
A process for testing hypotheses and developing theories.
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15
Scientific Theory
A well-tested explanation for a broad range of observations.
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16
Theory
A general principle that explains a set of facts or phenomena.
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17
Hypotheses
Testable predictions derived from a theory.
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18
Critical Thinking
The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a judgment.
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19
Thomas Hobbes
Philosopher whose ideas influenced social psychology and behaviorism; believed human behavior is driven by self-interest.
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20
John Locke
Philosopher who proposed the idea of 'Tabula Rasa', suggesting humans are shaped by experience.
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21
Charles Darwin
Introduced the theory of evolution, influencing evolutionary psychology.
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22
Structuralism
The study of the structure of the mind, associated with Edward Titchener.
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23
Functionalism
The study of how mental processes help individuals adapt, associated with William James.
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24
Psychodynamic Psychology
Founded by Sigmund Freud; focuses on psychological factors that interact within the individual.
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25
Behaviorism
Founded by John Watson and expanded by B.F. Skinner; emphasizes observable behavior.
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26
Gestalt Psychology
Studies perception and how the mind organizes information as a whole.
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27
Humanistic Psychology
Focuses on personal growth and self-fulfillment.
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28
Cognitive Psychology
The study of mental processes like thinking, memory, and language.
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29
Gender
The characteristics and behaviors that society associates with male and female roles.
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30
Gender Stereotypes
Beliefs about 'typical' male or female behaviors and roles.
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31
Culture
Shared beliefs, values, and traditions of a group.
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32
Individualistic Culture
Values independence and personal achievements.
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33
Collectivist Culture
Values independence, fitting in, and harmonious relationships.
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34
Cross-Cultural Research
Studies differences and similarities between cultures.
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35
APA Ethical Guidelines (Human Subjects)
Guidelines including informed consent, no harm, confidentiality, and debriefing.
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36
Informed Consent
Participants must be informed about the study and agree to take part willingly.
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Protection from Harm
Researchers must protect participants from physical or emotional harm.
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Confidentiality
Personal information must be kept private.
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Right to Withdraw
Participants can leave the study at any time without consequences.
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40
Debriefing
Researchers must explain the purpose and any deception used after the study.
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41
APA Ethical Guidelines (Animal Subjects)
Guidelines for humane treatment, minimizing pain, and necessity of research.
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42
Justification of Research
Studies using animals must have a clear scientific purpose and benefit.
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43
Qualified Researchers
Only trained professionals should handle and care for the animals.
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44
Minimization of Pain and Distress
Pain or discomfort must be minimized as much as possible.
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45
Use of Alternatives
Methods that do not involve animals should be used if possible.
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46
Psychiatrist vs. Psychologist
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication; psychologists provide therapy and research behavior.
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