Plate tectonics(3/10/25)

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25 Terms

1

What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

A scientific theory explaining the structure and movement of Earth's lithosphere through tectonic plates.

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2

Who proposed the hypothesis of Continental Drift?

Alfred Wegener.

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3

What evidence supports the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

Jigsaw puzzle fit of continents, fossil evidence (e.g., Glossopteris), mineral evidence, and paleoclimatic evidence.

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4

What is Pangea?

A supercontinent that existed about 200 million years ago.

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5

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Convergent, divergent, and transform fault boundaries.

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6

What drives plate tectonics?

Convection currents in the Earth's mantle.

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7

What evidence did Harry Hess provide to support plate tectonics?

Structural evidence, magnetic evidence, age of seafloor, seismic evidence, and presence of hotspots.

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8

What is the Vine-Mathews-Morley Hypothesis?

A theory explaining magnetic anomalies in the ocean floor related to seafloor spreading.

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9

What is a hotspot in geology?

A fixed mantle plume associated with volcanism.

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10

What is the significance of mantle convection?

It is the process that drives the movement of tectonic plates.

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11

What is seafloor spreading?

The process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges and older crust is pushed away.

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12

How does density affect tectonic plate interactions?

More dense oceanic crust will subduct under less dense continental crust.

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13

What type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other?

Divergent boundary.

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14

What happens at a convergent plate boundary?

Plates collide, leading to subduction zones or mountain building.

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15

How do earthquakes relate to plate tectonics?

They commonly occur at plate boundaries where tectonic plates interact.

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16

What is a transform fault boundary?

A boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.

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17

What geological formations are commonly found at divergent boundaries?

Mid-ocean ridges.

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18

What does the age of the seafloor suggest about plate tectonics?

Older crust is found further from mid-ocean ridges, indicating seafloor spreading.

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19

What is the relationship between volcanism and plate boundaries?

Volcanoes are often found at or near divergent and convergent plate boundaries.

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20

Why is Mt. Everest still growing?

It continues to rise due to the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate.

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21

What is the role of hotspots in plate tectonics?

They are volcanic regions created by hot mantle plumes that can occur in the middle of tectonic plates.

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22

What does the presence of linear valleys in East Africa indicate?

It suggests a tectonic plate boundary associated with rifting.

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23

What geological feature formed as a result of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates?

The Himalaya Mountains.

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24

How do tectonic plates move?

They move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate.

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25

What can the magnetic properties of rocks reveal about tectonic activity?

They can indicate the history of seafloor spreading and the movement of tectonic plates.

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