Anat Chapter 9: Review

Name the three types of muscles

Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle,

Skeletal muscle (Location, Function, control, cell Shape )

Attached to bones, Controls body movement, voluntary and involuntary movement, Long and cylindrical

Smooth muscle ( Location, Function, control, cell shape)

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin, Moving food, emptying urine, regulating blood vessel diameter, involuntary, changing pupil size , spindle shaped

Cardiac muscle ( Location, Function, control, cell shape)

Heart, Pumping blood and contractions that utilize force to propel blood through blood vessels, involuntary, Cylindrical and branched

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Movement, Posture, (Both work with nervous and skeletal system) Respiration, Produce body heat, communication, constriction of organs /vessels (Smooth Muscles) ,Respiration (Diaphragm and accessory muscles, and contraction of heart (cardiac muscle)

what is movement (Function of muscular system)?

Movement of the body: working with the nervous and skeletal systems

What is Maintenance of posture: (Function of muscular system)?

working with the nervous and skeletal systems.

What is Respiration:(Function of muscular system)?

Respiration: Diaphragm and the accessory muscles.

what is Communication(Function of muscular system)?

Cells of the heart muscles.

what is Constriction (Function of muscular system?

Constriction of organs and vessels: smooth muscles.

What is Contraction (Function of muscular system)?

Contraction of the heart: cardiac muscle.

What are the General properties of Muscular tissues?

Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity

What is Contractility (General properties of Muscular tissues)?

Contractility: ability of a muscle to shorten with force.

What is Excitability (General properties of Muscular tissues)?

Excitability : capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus (usually from nerves).

What is Extensibility:(General properties of Muscular tissues)>

Extensibility: muscle can be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still

be able to contract.

What is Elasticity (General properties of Muscular tissues)?

Elasticity: ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched.

Loose connective tissue separating individual muscle fibers within

each fascicle is called what?

Endomysium

Loose connective tissue surrounding a group of muscle fibers; passage

for blood vessels and nerves. Bundles of muscle cells are called fascicles is called what?

Perimysium

Connective tissue that surrounds a whole muscle (many fascicles) is called what?

Epimysium

What is Vasodilation of the blood vessel?

The widening of blood vessels to improve blood flow

What is Vasconstriction of the blood vessel?

The constricting of blood vessels to decrease blood flow

Electrical component structures do what?

respond to and transmit electrical signals;

Sarcolemma make up what layer of the cell?

plasma membrane

Transverse tubules have the shape of what? and do what?

inward folds of sarcolemma; project into the interior of muscle cell

Sarcoplasm does what?

cytoplasm that contains other contents of a muscle cell

Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores what? and for what reason?

(SR): specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum; stores calcium (Ca2+) to be release for a muscle contraction.

Terminal cisternae are what?

enlarged portions of Sarcoplasmic reticulum that lies adjacent

to the T tubules.

Triad are made of what

consists of two terminal cisternae and their associated T tubule.

Mechanical component structures allow muscles to contract due to

Myofilaments:

What are arranged orderly units called sarcomeres called?

Myofilaments

Myosin is the head of a rod portion which make up what?

Thick myofilament

What blocks actin’s active sites at rest?

Tropomyosin

What ion triggers muscle contraction

Ca²+

What happens when Ca²⁺ binds troponin?

Tropomyosin shifts, exposing active sites

What does Ca²⁺ bind to?

Troponin

: What forms when myosin binds actin?

Cross-bridges

What are thin filaments made of?

Actin

What is the structure of F-actin?

Double helix