Meds for Infectious Bacterial Conditions (EXAM III)

drugs that disrupt bacterial cell wall

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin

drug that inhibits an enzyme unique to bacteria

sulfonamides

disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

tetracyclines, ahminoglycosides, clindamycin

penicillins

beta-lactam antibiotics, weaken cell wall, fights wide variety of bacteria

penicillin considerations

allergic reactions, acute kidney injury (monitor Is&Os), complete entire course of treatment

cephalosporins

lysis to the bacteria cell wall, broad-spectrum, absorbed in GI tract (give IM), penicillin alternative

Cephalosporin interactions

alcohol; causes disulfram like reaction

carbapenems

broad spectrum, beta-lactam, IV or IM

Carbapenem interactions

decreases efficacy of anti-seizure meds

Carbapenem adverse effects

monitor GI, seizures

vancomycin

inhibits bacterical wall synthesis, only active against gram positive, give via slow IV infusion

Vancomycin treatments

C. Dif and MRSA

vancomycin adverse effect

renal failure

Tetracycline

broad spectrum, inhibits protein synth in bacteria

Tetracycline treatments

acne, PUD, H. Pylori, periodontal disease

Tetracycline adverse effects

GI tract, increased INR

Tetracycline interaction

increases digoxin levels

clindamycin

penicllin alterative, PO/IM/IV

clindamycin adverse effect

alternative to penicillin, secondary c. dif infection

aminoglycosides

disrupts protein synthesis of bacteria for serious infections, recquires PEAK and TROUGH monitoring

Gentamicin

aminoglycoside, for patients with serious infection causes by gram neg.

Gentamicin adverse effects

renal toxicity and ototoxicity

tuberculosis treatment

combination of medications, 6-9 months long

TB medication adverse effect

hepatoxicity, rifampin may cause red-orange urine color

fluoroquinolone

disrupt DNA replication and cell division, PO/IV

Fluoroquinolone adverse effects

tendonitis, tendon rupture, c. dif

ciprofloxacin

fluoroquinolone medication, for a wide variety of infections

ciprofloxacin adverse effect

GI effects, candida infections, phytotoxicity, MG exacerbation

narrow spectrum antibiotics

hey have a more targeted effect on the specific bacterium and cause less disruption to the natural microbial flora, lowering the risk of superinfections (like C. diff or Candida)

timing of peak levels

• Intravenous (IV): 15 to 30 minutes after the infusion is finished.

• Intramuscular (IM): 30 to 60 minutes after injection.

• Oral (PO): Approximately 1 hour after ingestion.

timing of trough levels

generally within 30 minutes before the next dose