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Core argument
All representations are contested as they combine material reality and subjective interpretation
The likes of GIS struggles to represent the inhabited space and the challenge for the humanities is how to move along this spectrum
Observation vs in-habitation
Observation: Objective, Cartesian, GIS based, top-down e.g traditional maps
In-habitation: Phenomenological, lived experience, people embedded in the landscape - maps struggle to represent this
Maps as culturally bias
Maps reflect particular world views
The Parish Mapping Project illustrates this: community-drawn maps based on "local distinctiveness" capture what matters to inhabitants, not what appears on official maps.
GIS attempts to improve maps
Visibility and movement modelling represent an attempt to position individuals within landscapes rather than viewing them from above
However this remains dependant on DEM resolution
Role of VR
Lock stresses the value of Virtual reality (VR) in phenomenology and has been claimed to dissolve the subject/object divide
However it relies on a detached gaze as the relationship between body and material world is far more complex than perception and cognition alone
Humanist Turn
Spatial technologies are being absorbed into humanities approaches, meaning interpretation—not objectivity—remains central.
Thus lock argues for a shift towards place based representations (on the inhabitation end)