BIOA01 chapter 7 and 8

Cellular Respiration

The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Energy. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work.

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of cellular respiration

Definition of Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

Location of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

Reactants of Photosynthesis

6H20 + 6CO2

Products of Photosynthesis

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plants need these to survive

Water, carbon dioxide, and light

Animals need these to survive

Food, oxygen, and water

Gas released by plants during photosynthesis

oxygen

autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

reactants

The starting material in a chemical reaction

chlorophyll

Absorbs light energy.
Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast

chloroplast

organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

oxygen

product of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide

Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.

leaf

the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place

light energy

energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants

Glucose

the type of sugar made during photosynthesis

product

a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction

water formula

H2O

carbon dioxide formula

CO2

glucose formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

oxygen

O2

reactants of cellular respiration

glucose and oxygen

products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

organisms that make their own food

What's an autotroph?

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

What's a heterotroph?

A chemical compound cells use to store and release energy

What's ATP?

active transport

Energy provided by ATP is used in what kind of transport?

Saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain chlorophyll and other pigments and are rearranged in stacks called grana

What's a thylakoid?

The fluid potion outside of the thylakoids

What's a stroma?

No

Does the light-independent reaction use energy?

Yes

Does the light-dependent reaction use light energy?

Wavelength

What determines color?

Saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids

What do chloroplasts contain and abundance of?

Increase the energy level of the chlorophyll's electrons

What does the visible light absorbed by chlorophyll do?

Water molecules that are split into O2 H+, and high energy electrons

Where do the high-energy electrons carried by NADPH come from?

carbon dioxide and water

What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction?

Oxygen and ATP

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

Stroma

Where do light independent reactions occur?

A series of electron carrier proteins

What's an electron transport chain?

Temperature, light intensity, and availability of water affect photosynthesis

What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?

Photosytem I

NADP is the product of which photosystem?

ATP and NADPH

What are two types of energy carriers

Photosystem I

The light dependent reactions begin when which photosystem absorbs light?

Thylakoid membrane

Where do the light dependent reactions take place?

Light's absorbed increasing the energy of the electrons. The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain

What happens in photosystem II

Electrons are passed from protein to protein to protein releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space.

What happens in electron transport chain?

Electron is reenergized by light, then picked up by NADP+ and H+ forming NADPH

What happens in photosystem I

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages which are?

No

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

Yes

Does the Krebs cycle require oxygen?

Yes

Does the electron transport chain require oxygen?

processes that require oxygen

What does aerobic mean?

Processes that occur without oxygen

What's anaerobic?

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back

What does photosynthesis remove?

Oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back

What does photosynthesis release?

Glycolysis

Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called?

Cytoplasm of the cell

Where does glycolysis take place?

Energy storage

What's the function of photosynthesis?

Energy release

What's the function of cellular respiration?

Chloroplasts

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Mitochondria

Where does cellular respiration take place?

CO2 and H20

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

C6H12O6 and O2

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 and O2

What are the products of photosynthesis?

CO2 and H2O

What are the reactants of cellular respiration

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

C6H12O6 + 602 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

What is the equation of cellular respiration?

2 ATP

What is used at the start of glycolysis to get cellular respiration started?

4 ATP

How much ATP synthesized during glycolysis for a net gain of 2 ATP?

Krebs cycle

What's the second stage of cellular respiration?

When oxygen is available

When does Krebs cycle operate?

A series of energy- extracting reactions

What's the Krebs cycle?

NAD+

What's the electron carrier?

The innermost compartment of a mitochondrion

What's the matrix?

Carbon dioxide and acetyl-CoA molecules

What are pyruvic acid molecules broken down into? (Cellular respiration)

ATP, NADH, FADH2

Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds is captured in the forms of ___________,__________ and ______________

H+ ions

The charge difference across the membrane forces what through channels in enzymes?

A phosphate group is added to ADP, generating ATP

What happens as the atp synthase spins?

Lactic acid

What does lactic acid fermentation produce?

Produces ATP w/o oxygen

Whats the function of fermentation?

Long-term, large product of ATP

Whats the function of cellular respiration?

Cellular Respiration

The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Energy. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work.

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of cellular respiration

Definition of Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

Location of Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

Reactants of Photosynthesis

6H20 + 6CO2

Products of Photosynthesis

C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plants need these to survive

Water, carbon dioxide, and light

Animals need these to survive

Food, oxygen, and water

Gas released by plants during photosynthesis

oxygen

autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.