BIOA01 chapter 7 and 8
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116 Terms
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Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Energy. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
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Mitochondria
Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of cellular respiration
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Definition of Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.
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Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
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Location of Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
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Reactants of Photosynthesis
6H20 + 6CO2
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Products of Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Plants need these to survive
Water, carbon dioxide, and light
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Animals need these to survive
Food, oxygen, and water
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Gas released by plants during photosynthesis
oxygen
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autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
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heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
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reactants
The starting material in a chemical reaction
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chlorophyll
Absorbs light energy.
Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast
Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast
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chloroplast
organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
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oxygen
product of photosynthesis
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carbon dioxide
Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis.
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leaf
the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place
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light energy
energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis
converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants
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Glucose
the type of sugar made during photosynthesis
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product
a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction
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water formula
H2O
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carbon dioxide formula
CO2
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glucose formula
C₆H₁₂O₆
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oxygen
O2
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reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
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products of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
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organisms that make their own food
What's an autotroph?
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Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things
What's a heterotroph?
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A chemical compound cells use to store and release energy
What's ATP?
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active transport
Energy provided by ATP is used in what kind of transport?
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Saclike photosynthetic membranes that contain chlorophyll and other pigments and are rearranged in stacks called grana
What's a thylakoid?
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The fluid potion outside of the thylakoids
What's a stroma?
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No
Does the light-independent reaction use energy?
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Yes
Does the light-dependent reaction use light energy?
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Wavelength
What determines color?
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Saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids
What do chloroplasts contain and abundance of?
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Increase the energy level of the chlorophyll's electrons
What does the visible light absorbed by chlorophyll do?
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Water molecules that are split into O2 H+, and high energy electrons
Where do the high-energy electrons carried by NADPH come from?
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carbon dioxide and water
What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction?
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Oxygen and ATP
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
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Stroma
Where do light independent reactions occur?
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A series of electron carrier proteins
What's an electron transport chain?
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Temperature, light intensity, and availability of water affect photosynthesis
What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?
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Photosytem I
NADP is the product of which photosystem?
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ATP and NADPH
What are two types of energy carriers
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Photosystem I
The light dependent reactions begin when which photosystem absorbs light?
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Thylakoid membrane
Where do the light dependent reactions take place?
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Light's absorbed increasing the energy of the electrons. The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain
What happens in photosystem II
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Electrons are passed from protein to protein to protein releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space.
What happens in electron transport chain?
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Electron is reenergized by light, then picked up by NADP+ and H+ forming NADPH
What happens in photosystem I
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glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages which are?
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No
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
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Yes
Does the Krebs cycle require oxygen?
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Yes
Does the electron transport chain require oxygen?
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processes that require oxygen
What does aerobic mean?
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Processes that occur without oxygen
What's anaerobic?
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Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back
What does photosynthesis remove?
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Oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back
What does photosynthesis release?
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Glycolysis
Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called?
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Cytoplasm of the cell
Where does glycolysis take place?
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Energy storage
What's the function of photosynthesis?
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Energy release
What's the function of cellular respiration?
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Chloroplasts
Where does photosynthesis take place?
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Mitochondria
Where does cellular respiration take place?
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CO2 and H20
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
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C6H12O6 and O2
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6 and O2
What are the products of photosynthesis?
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CO2 and H2O
What are the reactants of cellular respiration
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6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
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C6H12O6 + 602 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What is the equation of cellular respiration?
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2 ATP
What is used at the start of glycolysis to get cellular respiration started?
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4 ATP
How much ATP synthesized during glycolysis for a net gain of 2 ATP?
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Krebs cycle
What's the second stage of cellular respiration?
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When oxygen is available
When does Krebs cycle operate?
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A series of energy- extracting reactions
What's the Krebs cycle?
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NAD+
What's the electron carrier?
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The innermost compartment of a mitochondrion
What's the matrix?
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Carbon dioxide and acetyl-CoA molecules
What are pyruvic acid molecules broken down into? (Cellular respiration)
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ATP, NADH, FADH2
Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds is captured in the forms of ___________,__________ and ______________
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H+ ions
The charge difference across the membrane forces what through channels in enzymes?
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A phosphate group is added to ADP, generating ATP
What happens as the atp synthase spins?
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Lactic acid
What does lactic acid fermentation produce?
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Produces ATP w/o oxygen
Whats the function of fermentation?
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Long-term, large product of ATP
Whats the function of cellular respiration?
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Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose. (converts food molecules (glucose) into a form usable (ATP) by the organism)
89
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Energy. Main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
90
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Mitochondria
Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of cellular respiration
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Definition of Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking the chemical bonds of glucose into energy.
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Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
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Location of Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
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Reactants of Photosynthesis
6H20 + 6CO2
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Products of Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Plants need these to survive
Water, carbon dioxide, and light
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Animals need these to survive
Food, oxygen, and water
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Gas released by plants during photosynthesis
oxygen
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autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
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heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Note 
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