Volcanoes

Volcano Formation (3)

Magma moves to surface through vent

Gases in magma chamber build up and erupt through crater, lava flow cools and hardens

Layers of ash, cinder and lava form cone-shape volcano

Giant's Causeway

Didn't have enough pressure so lava flowed out slowly through a fissure leaving cracks between blocks in hexagon shapes

Destructive (3)

Oceanic sinks below continental and melts in mantle

As it melts, blobs of magma rises through faults

Overtime magma erupts forming a volcano, eg; Mount St. Helens

Pacific Ring of Fire

Zone of active volcanoes and earthquakes around the edge of the Pacific Ocean + marks the edge of the Pacific Plate

Mount Fuji in Japan (Pacific + Eurasian)

Conservative (2)

As plates seperate, magma rises through crust

Magma cools quickly and builds up overtime

Under ocean, mid-ocean ridge (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Iceland (3)

Volcanic island on the Mid-Atlantic ridge

Volcanic mountain builds up on seabed until peak is above sea level

Hot Springs + Geysers (water heated by magma shoots up)

Geothermal Energy

Superheated water in the crust is heated by magma and is extracted by pipes

40% electricty, 43% heat homes, 2% heat greenhouses, 5% freshwater for fish farming

Agriculture and Fish Farming

Naturally warm volcanic soil, helps growth of potatoes and other vegetables

Tourism

Geothermal energy in 169 swimming pools

Hot springs - The Blue Lagoon, outdoor thermal spa

Travel

Volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted

14-21 April, flights banned, 100,00 flights, 10m affected

Transport

Fresh fruit, flowers, pharmaceuticals, electronic hardware not delivered

Companies in Africa+Asia affected, with businesses stopping production

€3B overall ash cloud cost

Social Impacts

Improved health

Job Creation

Settlement, most on West Coast, Avoiding the center

Prevailing wind carries ash to the east

Short Term (4)

Search and rescue + Medical Treatment

Food, Water, Shelter

Information Points

Control + Aid Supplies

Long Term

Preparation - Disaster response systems+Transport aid

Planning - Hazard Mapping, Exclusion zones

Education

Rebuilding