Eukaryotic_transcriptional_regulation

What are the three different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes?

RNA Polymerase 1, RNA Polymerase 2, and RNA Polymerase 3.

What is the primary function of RNA Polymerase 2?

Transcribes messenger RNA, protein coding genes, many micro RNAs, and some noncoding RNAs.

What is the TATA box and its significance?

A sequence located about 30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site; it is important for the binding of the TATA binding protein.

What is the role of the BRE element in transcription?

It is recognized by transcription factor 2 B and is located about 30 to 37 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site.

What are general transcription factors?

Proteins required to help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter and initiate transcription.

What does the mediator complex do in transcription regulation?

It facilitates interactions between RNA polymerase and transcription factors, helping to coordinate transcriptional regulation.

How do enhancers function in gene expression?

Enhancers can be located distant from a gene and, when bound by specific transcription factors, they help promote transcription of that gene.

What is combinatorial control in eukaryotic gene expression?

The requirement of multiple transcription factors working together to achieve high levels of gene activation.

What is the effect of insulator sequences in transcriptional regulation?

Insulators block enhancer signals from activating neighboring gene promoters, allowing for specific gene expression.

What is imprinting in genetics?

The phenomenon where only one of the two inherited alleles is expressed.

in eukaryotes RNA polymerase requires _____ to bind to promotor sequences

transcription factors

In eukaryotes, there are DNA sequences distant from the gene that can bind transcription factors to activate or repress gene expression called

enhancers

In eukaryotes, there are DNA sequences between gene promoters of different genes called _______ which prevent enhancers from one gene from affecting expression of the other gene.

insulators

Scientists can use __________ enzymes to chew up DNA that is unbound by transcription factors to find the transcription factor "footprint", or region of the DNA bound and therefore protected from digestion by the transcription factor.

DNase

What is DNA footprinting?

A technique used to identify the specific regions of DNA that are bound by proteins, typically transcription factors, by comparing digestion patterns of DNA with and without bound proteins.