Med term ch 11

opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o

Eyes, vision

ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o

Iris, colored part of eye

phac/o, phak/o

Lens of eye

retin/o

Retina, net

dacryocyst/o, lacrim/o

Lacrimal Apparatus

acous/o, acoust/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o

Ears, hearing

pinni/i

Outer Ear

myring/o, tympan/o

Middle Ear

labyrinth/o

Inner Ear

blephar/o

eyelid

-cusis

hearing

kerat/o

horny, hard, cornea

myring/o, tympan/o

tympanic membrane, eardrum

opthlam/o, opt/o

eye, vision

-opia

vision condition

phak/o

lens of eye

presby/o

old age

scler/o

sclera, white of eye, hard

trop/o

turn, change

right eye (oculus dexter)

OD

left eye (oculus sinister)

OS

each eye(oculus uterque) or both eyes (oculi uterque)

OU

oculus, oculi (pl.)

Eye

Joint Commission

largest American standards-setting and accrediting body in health care

adnexa of the eyes, adnexa oculi

the structures outside the eyeball including the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.

Adnexa

accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

orbit, eye socket

the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

eye muscles

arranged in three pairs, attached to each eye: Superior and inferior oblique muscles, Superior and inferior rectus muscles, Lateral and medial rectus muscles

Oblique

describes an angle that is slanted but is not perpendicular or parallel.

Rectus

straight.

Binocular vision

occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible.

Depth perception

the ability to see things in three dimensions.

Bin-

means two

upper and lower eyelids, eyebrows, and eyelashes

help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries due to other causes

Canthus

the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

Cilia

small hairs that make up the eyebrows and eyelashes

Tarsus, tarsal plate

framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape

Tars

edge of the eyelid

Conjunctiva

the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball.

lacrimal apparatus, tear apparatus

consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears

Lacrimation

secretion of tears

Lacrimal glands

secrete lacrimal fluid (tears) and are located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye

lacrimal fluid,tears

maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball. Blinking distributes the lacrimal fluid across the eye.

lacrimal canal

consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye that collects tears and empties them into the lacrimal sacs.

Crying

overflowing of tears from the lacrimal canals.

lacrimal sac,tear sac

enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

lacrimal duct, nasolacrimal duct

passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

Eyeball, globe

1-inch sphere with only about ⅙ of its surface visible

Optic

pertaining to the eye

Extraocular

outside the eyeball

Intraocular

within the eyeball

Sclera, white of the eye

tough, fibrous tissue that maintains the shape of the eye, protects the delicate inner layers of tissue, and forms the outer layer of the eye, except for the part covered by the cornea.

Choroid, choroid coat

opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye

Retina

sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye, receives nerve impulses, and transmits them to the brain via the optic nerve

Optic nerve

second cranial nerve, transmits impulses from retina to the brain

Anterior segment of the eye

makes up the front ⅓ of the eyeball and is divided into anterior and posterior chambers

Anterior chamber

located behind cornea and in front of the iris

Posterior chamber

located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place

Aqueous Humor, aqueous fluid

fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior segment of the eye, helps the eye maintain its shape, and nourishes the intraocular structures

Trabecular meshwork, Canal of Schlemmm

used to filter and drain the aqueous humor

Intraocular pressure (IOP)

measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye regulated by the rate at which aqueous humor enters and leaves the eye

Posterior segment

makes up remaining ⅔ of eyeball, is lined with the retina, and filled with vitreous humor

Vitreous humor, vitreous gel

soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers that are attached to the retina and help the eye maintain its shape

Rods

black and white receptors of the retina that receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye

Cones

color receptors of the retina that receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye

Macula, macula lutea

clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

fovea centralis

a pit in the middle of the macula that contains a high concentration of cones and no rods.

Optic disk

AKA blind spot, small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve and no rods or cones are present

Uvea

pigmented layer of the eye that has a rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris

ciliary body

located within the choroid, is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

Iris

colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil

Cornea

transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil. It is the primary structure focusing light rays entering the eye

Pupil

black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye.

Lens

clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina.

Accommodation

process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances.

Convergence

simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other

Emmetropia

normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

Emmetr-

in proper measure

Refraction, refractive power

ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina.

Visual acuity

ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance

Ophthalmologist

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes, from vision correction to eye surgery

Optometrist

holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

Optician

health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction.

Ptosis, blepharosis

drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis

Ptosis

drooping or sagging

Chalazion

nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

granuloma

a chalazion is a type of

Hordeolum, stye

pus-filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland.

Blepharitis

swelling of the eyelid, often at the location of the eyelash hair follicles

Ectropion

eversion of the edge of an eyelid

Eversion

turning outward

Entropion

inversion of the edge of an eyelid

Inversion

turning inward

Periorbital edema

swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes

Conjunctivitis, pinkeye

inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy

Dacryoadenitis

inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

Xerophthalmia, dry eye

drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva, because tear glands do not produce enough tears

Uveitis

inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation

Iritis

most common form of uveitis that primarily affects structures in the front of the eye