Atomic Structure and Bonding

Flashcards based on Atomic Structure and Bonding Lecture Notes.

Groups

Vertical columns of the periodic table.

Periods

Horizontal rows of the periodic table, numbered 1, 2, 3, etc.

Chemical Property

A material's property that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction.

Original Arrangement of Elements in Periodic Table

Elements arranged based on known physical and chemical properties without knowledge of electrons.

Significance of Group Number for First 20 Elements

The group number represents the number of electrons in the outer electron shell for the first 20 elements.

Diatomic Molecules

Simple molecules made of only two atoms.

Diatomic Elements

Elements that form diatomic molecules; can be remembered using the mnemonic BrINClHOF.

Alkali Metals

Group I elements; highly reactive and react with water.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group II elements; also react with water but more slowly.

Halogens

Group VII or 17 elements; highly reactive.

Noble Gases

Group VIII or 18 elements; unreactive.

Protons

Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons

Negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus.

Neutrons

Particles with no electric charge, located in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons present in each atom of an element.

Bohr’s Model of the Atom

Electrons are arranged in concentric spherical shells and can only occupy these shells.

Ions

When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become this.

Cations

Positively charged ions.

Anions

Negatively charged ions.

Compound

A substance made from atoms of different elements bonded to each other.

Lattice

A regular, repeated three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ions.

Charge Balance in Ionic Compounds

Ions combine so that the overall charge on the compound is zero.

Behavior of Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions do not break apart when a substance dissolves or in chemical reactions.

Valency

The ‘combining power’ of the atoms with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Also the number of H atoms that can combine with the element.

Covalent Bonds

Forms between atoms of non-metal elements where valence electrons are shared so that the atoms get full outer electron shells.

Electron Dot Diagrams

Only the outer shell or valence electrons are shown (represented by dots).