General Bio II: Lab Practical

Allele

Variant form of a gene at a specific locus on the chromosome

Allele frequency

Measure of how common a specific allele is in a population

• p + q = 1

p = dominant allele

q = recessive allele

Gamete

Haploid sex. cell: sperm and egg

Gene flow

Interpopulation transfer of genes

Genetic drift

Random disruption in allele frequencies in a population

• Bottleneck effect

• Founder effect

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

Allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation if there are no other influences

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

p² = homozygous dominant genotype

q² = homozygous recessive genotype

2pq = heterozygous genotype

Phenotype

The physical manifestation of the genotype, physical characteristics

Agar plate

Sterile petri dish containing a gel-like growth medium composed of agar and nutrients that allows microbacteria to grow into distinct, observable colonies

Gram pos. bacteria

Has a thick layer of peptidoglycan, typically purple

Gram neg. bacteria

Has very little peptidoglycan in the cell membrane, pink because it doesn’t hold dye very well

Bacillus

Genus of rod-shaped gram pos. bacteria

Binary fission

Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a parent cell duplicates its DNA and splits into 2 identical daughter cells

Zone of inhibition

clear, circular area on an agar plate where bacteria cannot grow, surrounding an antimicrobial agent

Colony margin

the outer edge or boundary of a bacterial or fungal colony grown on a Petri dish

Alveolate

alveolates are a group of protists, considered a major clade or superphylum within Eukaryota

Amoeba

Amoebozoans

Chlamydomonas

Chlorophyte

Chloroplast

Cilia

Euglenozoa

Excavata

Flagella

Food vacuole

Green algae

Iris diaphragm

Kinetoplastid

macronucleus

Paramecium

Plasmodial slime mold

Protozoa

Pseudopodia

Red algae

Rhizarians

SAR

Spirogyra

Stramenophiles

Trypanasoma

Unikonta

Acus

Ascocarp

Ascomycete

Ascospores

Ascus

Basidia

Basidiocarp

Basidiospore

Conidia

Condiophore

Coprinus

Crustose

Dikaryotic hyphae

Foliose

Fructicose

Gametangia

Gills

Hyphae

Karyogamy

Lichens

Meiosis

Mold

Mushroom

Mycelium

Penicillium

Peziza

Pileus

Plasmogamy

Rhizopus

Sporangia

Stipe

Thallus

Yeast

Zygomycota

Zygosporangia

Angiosperm

Anthocerophyta

Anthophyta

Bryophyta

Bryophytes

Coniferophyta

Cycadophyta

Flower

Fruit

Ginkgophyta

Gnetophyta

Gymnosperms

Heaptophyta

Lycophyta

Monilophyta

Plantae

Pollination

Seed

Stomata

Vascular plants

Achene

Aggregate fruit