TLM Chap 10

The Language of Medicine Chapter 10 Nervous System

alges/o, -algesia

sensitivity to pain

cause/o

burn; burning

cephal/o

head

cerebell/o

cerebellum (posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscles movements and maintains balance)

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of the brain responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, though, memory)

comat/o

deep sleep

crani/o

skull

cry/o

cold

dur/o

dura mater (thick outermost layer of the meninges surround and protecting the brain and spinal cord)

encephal/o

brain

esthesi/o

nervous sensation (feeling)

gli/o

glial cells; neuroglial cells (supportive tissue of nervous system)

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

lex/o

word; phrase

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges (three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord)

narc/o

numbness; stupor; sleep

neur/o

nerve

olig/o

scanty

pont/o

pons (a part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and rest of the midbrain bridge connecting)

radicul/o

nerve root

spin/o

spine (backbone)

syncop/o

to cut off, cut short; faint

tax/o

order; coordination

thalam/o

thalamus (Main relay center of the brain)

thec/o

sheath (protective covering)

vag/o

vagus nerve (Tenth cranial nerve throughout the body)

-blast

embryonic; immature cell

-esthesia

nervous sensation (feeling)

-ine

pertaining to

-kinesia, -kinesis

movement

-kinetic

pertaining to movement

-lepsy

seizure

-ose

full of; pertaining to; sugar

-paresis

weakness

-pathy

disease; emotion

-phagia

condition of eating; swallowing

-phasia

speech

-plegia

paralysis; palsy

-praxia

action

-sthenia

strength

para-

near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of

polio-

gray matter (of brain or spinal cord

MS (multiple sclerosis)

destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS

CVA (cerebrovascular accident)

stroke; disruption in normal blood supply to the brain

herpes zoster

shingles; viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Alzheimer’s

progressive dementia; memory failure; senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

glioblastoma multiforme

brain tumor; malignant astrocytoma

Parkinson’s

degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia; tremors, bradykinesia, and shuffling gaits

epilepsy

recurrent seizure disorder; tonic-clonic and absence types

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Lou Gehrig disease)

degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem; weakness and muscle atrophy