Animal and plant cell functions

Function of the nucleus:

contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Function of nucleolus:

synthesis of rRNA and ribosomes

Function of nuclear pore:

allows transport of mRNA out of nucleus

Function of nuclear envelope:

separates DNA from cytoplasm

Function of cell membrane:

controls what enters and exits the cell - is selectively permeable

Function of cytoplasm:

where are the chemical reactions take place

Function of the mitochondrion:

site where aerobic respiration synthesises ATP.

cristae increase the SA

Function of the RER

transports proteins which are synthesised by the ribosomes attached

Function of the SER

the synthesis and transport of lipids

Function of the golgi body/apparatus:

• chemically modifies proteins

• produces lysosomes

• produces glycoproteins

• packages proteins for secretion out of cell

Function of centrioles:

are use in spindle formation (microtubules) in cell division

Function of ribosomes:

protein synthesis

Function of lysosomes:

• contains and isolates hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes

• releases these enzymes to destroy organelles, cells and toxins

Function of vesicles:

act as a contractile vacuole

maintain osmotic pressure

Function of the large permanent vacuole:

storage of ions and organic molecules

maintains osmotic pressure

Function of the chloroplast:

site of photosynthesis

Function of the cell wall:

• provides strength and support

• freely permeable to water

Function of the plasmodesmata

• exchange of large organic materials via cytoplasmic streaming

• allows communication between adjacent cells.

Similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts:

• plasma membrane

• self-replicating

• produce ATP

• ribosomes

• circular DNA

• double membrane

Differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts:

MITOCHONDRIA

• matrix

• cristae

• aerobic respiration site

CHLOROPLASTS

• stroma

• thylakoids

• grana membranes

• site of photosynthesis

• chlorophyll

• contain starch grains