the reproductive system

What structure produces both sperm and testosterone in the male body?

The testes

Why is the scrotum located outside of the body cavity

Made to protect and regulate the temperature of the testes

What is the role of the epididymis in sperm development

Stores and matures sperm

Which glands contribute to the formation of semen?

Bulbourethral (cowpers) glands

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

Secrete lubricating fluid prior to ejaculation

Which erectile tissue prevents the urethra from closing during erection

Corpus spongiosum

Describe the difference between cities cavernosa and corpus soongiosum

• corpus spongiosum: a single column surrounding the urethra

• Corpora cavernosa: 2 columns of erectile tissue

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Secretes alkaline fluid to protect sperm from acidic vaginal environment

What is semen composed of?

Sperm and glandular secretions ( seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands)

Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

The fallopian tubes

What process refers to the release of an egg

Ovulation

What hormone primarily regulates the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen and progesterone

What is the innermost lining of the uterus called

Endometrium

Why do menstrual cramps occur during menstruation?

Contraction of the myometrium during the onset of menstruation (menses)

What is the narrow opening of the uterus called?

Cervix

What does the term “vulva” refer to?

Female external genitalia ( labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, etc.)

Compare and contrast labia majora and labia minora

Majora: larger and hair bearing

Minora: thinner and hairless

What is the function of the mammary glands

Produce milk post-pregnancy

What condition occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus

Ectopic pregnancy

What part of the penis is highly sensitive and located at its distal end

Glans penis