World History Test 2: Persians

Cyrus the Great

Founder of Persia.

Cyrus Cylinder and His Principles of Government

He freed slaves, freedom of religion, and ethnic equality.

Massagetae

Cyrus killed here while trying to conquer this city.

Tomyris

Queen of Massagetae that beheads Cyrus.

Cambyses

Son of Cyrus who takes over after his death.

Darius

Emerges as King, marries Cambyses’ widow and daughter of Cyrus to solidify rule.

Darius Canal

Linking up a canal to the Nile river.

Satrapy (Persian Society)

Empire divided into 20 provinces that are called this.

Royal Road (Persian Society)

Ordinance of Good Regulations

Law code under Darius.

Polygamy

Practice of multiple wives.

Zoroastrianism

Religion

Ahura Mazda

Creator and only God.

Zoroaster/Zarathustra

The prophet

Avesta

Holy book.

Magi

Scholar/Priest.

Persian Wars

Revenge attack for supporting Ionian

Battle of Marathon

Greeks are outnumbered 2-1 (6000 Persians die to 192 Greeks)

Pheidippides

Military messenger/soldier messenger.

Xerxes (Persian Wars)

Succeeds his father.

Battle of Thermopylae

All Xerxes (Spartans) are annihilated.

Battle of Salamis

Largest naval battle during this time.

Battle of Platea

Military battle, slows Persians down.

Peace of Callias

Peace treaty

Peloponnesian War

Between Athens and Sparta.

Artaxerxes II

Persian leader who backs Sparta.

King’s Peace

Persia regains control of Ionian city-states, but recognizes Greek autonomy.

Artaxerxes III

More focused on internal problems

Alexander the Great

Empire will be destroyed by him and Persia will come under Macedonia rule.

Parthian Empire

Alexander’s death and the split of his empire led to their rise.

Sasanian Empire

Rise after fall of Parthians

King Shapur

Takes back Mesopotamia

Circle of Equity

All players in government are equal. Can’t have an army w/o prosperity.