DT GCSE - section B definitions and textiles

selection of materials or components - factors to consider p1

selection of materials or components - factors to consider p1

Aesthetics, ethical factors (making the product functional, reliable and usable. also considering human rights) , environmental factors

ecological and social footprints

product miles, mining, deforestation, carbon emissions, social factors, farming (use of pesticides and fertilisers can result in pollutants in water run-off from the soil, harming habitats and wildlife)

selection of materials or components - factors to consider p2

functionality, availability, cost, social factors (consider what impact their products may have on the environment), cultural factors (considering the ideas and customs of different cultures in our society)

The 6 R's

rethink - consider the design and its impact.

refuse - avoid using materials that are environmentally or socially unacceptable.

reuse - the product may be used again by another person or reused for another purpose.

repair - repair where possible rather than replace.

recycle - take the product apart and convert parts into usable materials once again.

reduce - make products that are durable and long lasting, reducing consumption and waste

What are the 6R's used for

both designers and consumers should consider the 6R's in order to reduce impact on the environment and improve sustainability.

social issues in the design and manufacture of products

reducing atmospheric pollution - this can be from burning fossil fuels such as vehicle fumes and factory fumes. Reductions can be made by: switching from diesel and petrol to electric vehicles or reducing the number of journey's made/

social issues in the design and manufacture of products

social footprint of a product - consumers look for products that are sustainable and responsible. Companies are considering aspects like being environmentally responsible and reducing the use and release of chemicals and toxins.

reducing oceanic pollution

we can help reduce by: using plastic free alternatives and recycling

textiles: sources and origins

wool: wool is sourced from sheep, goats and rabbits. Sheep are shorn to remove their fleece in one piece. The wool is then washed. Wool is naturally curly, so the process of carding straightens the fibres which can then be spun into a suitable material for weaving or knitting.

textiles: sources and origins

cotton: cotton plants are grown in warm climates. The seedpods from the plant are called bolls. The bolls ripen and burst open to reveal a fluffy ball of cotton. The balls are harvested, cleaned from the seed pods and the fibres are straightened for weaving.

acrylic

properties: soft, durable, fade resistant

uses: carpets, soft toys

cotton

properties: durable, soft, warm, abrasion resistant

uses: furnishings and curtains, towelling

linen

properties: strong, durable, creases easily

uses: cloths, wallpapers

wool

properties: absorbent, soft, strong, renewable, biodegradable

uses: carpets, rugs, blankets, insulation material

stock forms: textiles

rolls of fabric, ball of yarn, reels of yarn, zips, buttons and toggles, press stud or popper

modification of textiles

flame retardants, laminated fabrics

surface treatments of textiles

stain protection, water repellency, mould and rot protection, printing

screen printing

1. the screen is a wooden frame with a fine mesh fabric stretched across it.

2. the chosen design or text is set into the mesh with a layer of light reactive emulsion which hardens under bright light, producing the desire stencil.

3. printing ink is poured over screen and pressed through the fine mesh to create a printed design on the fabric.

continuous dyeing

large quantities of raw fabric on long rolls are machine fed through tanks or troughs of dye.

rotary screen printing

each cylinder applies a single layer of colour. Ink reservoirs pump the ink through the inside of the cylinder. As it rolls along the fabric, a squeegee pushes the ink out in controlled amounts.

scales of production

one-off production (single item), batch production (consistent products), mass production (standardised products in large quantities), continuous production (724h, 7 days a week)

templates

shaped pieces of material used in cutting, drilling and shaping. ensure an item is accurately made and can be replicated.

jig

used to hold a piece of material during cutting. drilling, or bending - improve accuracy and efficiency

production aid

A tool or technique used to speed up, simplify or help control the accuracy of a production process

benefits of bulk buying

reduces transport miles, cheaper, reduce packaging

digital printing

1. create the design you want to print

2. send design to printer

3. make sure printer settings are okay (toner and colours)

4. feed fabric through the machine

5. start the print