Anatomy of the Heart and Circulatory System

Coronary sinus

Collects blood from cardiac veins.

Pericardium

Encloses and holds the heart in place.

Pericardial cavity

Space between fibrous pericardium and heart.

Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart wall.

Myocardium

Middle muscular layer of the heart wall.

Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart wall.

Right atrium

Receives blood returning from the body except lungs.

Left atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Right ventricle

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Left ventricle

Thick muscular wall that pumps oxygenated blood to the body except the lungs.

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

mitral valve (bicuspid valve)

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

Pulmonary semilunar valve

allows blood to flow out of the right ventricle to the lungs but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle

Aortic semilunar valve

Located at the beginning of the aorta.

Pathway of blood through the heart

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung capillaries, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta

Coronary arteries

Supply blood to the heart muscle.

Cardiac veins

Blood that has passed through capillaries in the heart and enters the cardiac veins.

Capillaries

Microscopic vessels connecting arterioles and venules.

Venules

Small, thin-walled vessels draining capillary blood back to heart.

Veins

Carry blood toward the heart.

ascending aorta

right and left coronary arteries branch from here to supply heart muscle

descending aorta

thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta

upper extremity arteries

axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar

Intercostal Arteries

Branches from the thoracic aorta between ribs.

arteries of the abdominal viscera

celiac trunk - liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum

superior mesenteric - most small and large intestines

inferior mesenteric - lower portion of large intestines

renal - kidneys

Great Saphenous Veins

Used for coronary artery bypass grafting.

veins of the abdominal viscera

Portal veins, hepatic veins, renal veins

Portal veins

carries blood drained from the stomach, intestines, and spleen into the liver

hepatic veins

drain the liver into the inferior vena cava

renal veins

Drain blood from kidneys to inferior vena cava.

Foramen Ovale

A hole in the interatrial septum that shunts oxygenated blood from right to left atrium.

Ductus arteriosus connects

pulmonary artery and aorta

the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are ___ at birth

closed off