Pharmacology CH 1-6

What is pharmacology?

the study of drugs and their actions of effects

What is the Controlled Substances Act?

defined five classification of controlled substances

What is a black box warning?

very serious, life threatening problem

What is pharmacodynamics?

study of the interactions between drugs and their receptors

What does enteral mean?

directly into the gastrointestinal tract

ex) oral, rectal, nasogastric

What does parenteral mean?

bypasses the GI tract

ex) subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous

What does percutaneous mean?

absorbed through the skin and mucous membrane

ex) inhalation, sublingual, topical

What does liberation mean?

dissolved in body fluids

What does absorption mean?

enters circulating fluids throughout the body

What does distribution mean?

drug that is transported throughout the body

What does metabolism mean?

the drug inactivates drugs through the liver primarily

What does excretion mean?

drug metabolites are eliminated through the GI tract and the renal tubules in the kidneys

What does onset of action mean?

concentration of drug is sufficient enough to start a physiological response

What does peak action mean?

time at which the drug reaches the highest concentration on target receptors

What does duration of action mean?

how long the drug has a pharmacological effect

What does drug blood level mean?

amount of drug present in circulation

What does desired action mean?

the expected response

What does adverse effects mean?

side effects, common adverse effects, serious adverse effects

What does idiosyncratic reaction mean?

something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administered

What does allergic reation mean?

hypersensitivity reactions

What is drug interaction?

occurs when the action of one drug is altered or changed by the action of another drug (increased or decreased effects)

What are some factors that effect drug therapy?

age, body weight, gender, metabolic rate, illness, psychology, tolerance, dependence, cumulative effect

What is therapeutic drug monitoring?

the measurement of a drug’s concentration in biologic fluids to correlate the dosage administered and the level of medicine in the body with pharmacological response

What is a trough?

sample drawn immediately before the next dose is to be administered to obtain lowest blood level

What is a peak sample?

drawn after administration to obtain highest blood level

What are parameters?

side effects, drug interactions, monitoring the pts response to medication through vital signs, urine output, renal function tests, etc.

What are genetics?

study of how living organisms inherit the characteristics or trait s of their ancestors

What does genome mean?

complete package of genetic coding of an organism (23 pairs of chromosomes)

What is polymorphisms?

naturally occurring variations in the structures of genes and the intructions that they give to the organism

What is pharmacogenetics?

study of how drug responses may vary in accordance with inherited differences

What is ADPIE?

assessment, diagnosis, planning, interventions, evaluation

What does the nurse assess for when administering medication?

need for medication, past use of medications, problems related to medication use

What is a collaborative problem?

complications or problems associated with a medical diagnosis, require input from the multidisciplinary team

What is the role of the nurse in planning when administering medication?

identify therapeutic intent, common adverse reactions, recommend dose and route, schedule, interactions, lab testing, and teaching points of medications prescribed

What would be a dependent action?

order from physician

What would be a Interdependent Actions?

collaboration of nurses and healthcare team

What would be an independent action?

ADPIE, oder verification, preparation and administration of medications

What does the nurse look for when evaluating a pt after medication was administered?

determine whether the expected outcomes were met, ongoing process in drug therapy

What are the domains of learning?

cognitive, affective, psychomotor

The nurse practice act standards of care decide?

education requirements, approved and restricted medications, unapproved abbreviations

What are necrotic control systems?

single- unit packages, locked cabinet, inventory control record, count at end of shift

What must a medication order include?

pt’s full name, date, drug name, dose, route, duration, physician's signature

What are the 7 rights of drug administration?

full name, date, drug name, dose, rotations, duration, signature

LADME

liberation

absorption

distribution

metabolize

excretion

a handout of a new med?

cognitive learning

demonstration of a new procedure or task by doing to task?

psychomotor learning

Affective is….

an emotional response

Ophthalmic

eyes

otic

ear

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

0\.5-2 mil at a 45-90 degree angle with a 25-29 gauge needle

subcutaneous

1 mL given at a 15 degree angle with a 26- 28 degree gauge needle

intradermal

5-2 mL given at a 90 degree angle with a 20 to 23 gauge needle

intramuscular

what parenteral methods of med administration the most rapid?

intravenous

The nurse helps a pediatric pt self administer an inhaler then nurse would most likely use?

spacer/ expander

Which of the following is true when administering a rectal suppository?

Left sims position with leg up to chest

oral medication

choose correct form liquid, capsule, or tablet

topical cream

wear gloves for administration

roll or shake container before administration

eye drops

the gastric contents from a peg tube are expected to be what color?

green/ off white

pH of gastric content is…

less than 3

When ideal method of medication administration for a peg tube is?

liquid

The peg tube should be flushed with how much water before and after administering medications?

30 mL