Organic chemistry synthesis pathways

Alkene to Alkane,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

H2, Nickel catalyst, 150C Hydrogenation/Addition

Alkane to halogenoalkane

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

X2, UV light, Free radical substitution

Halogenoalkane to Amine

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Conc. ammonia, Heat in a sealed tube, Nucleophilic substitution

Halogenoalkane to Nitrile

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

KCN in ethanol, Reflux, Nucleophilic substitution

Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Dilute HCl and water,Heat, Reflux, Acidic Hydrolysis

Carboxylic Acid to Acyl chloride

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

SOCl2, . Substitution/halogenation

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

H2O, Hydrolysis/nucleophilic addition-elimination

Acyl Chloride to primary amide

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Conc. NH3, nucleophilic addition-elimination

Nitrile to Amine

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

H2, Ni catalyst , Reduction

Acyl Chloride to Ester,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Alcohol, esterification

Alkane to alkene,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Zeolite catalyst, Heat, Cracking

Halogenoalkane to alcohol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Aqueous NaOH , Nucleophilic substitution

Alkene to Poly(alkene),

Reagents, Name of reaction

Alkene, Addition Polymerisation

Acyl Chloride to secondary amide

, Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Primary Amine, Reflux, Nucleophilic substitution

Alkene to Halogenoalkane,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

HX gas phase, Room temp, Electrophilic addition

Alkene to alcohol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Steam, conc H3PO4 catalyst, Addition/hydration

Alcohol to alkene,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Conc. H3PO4, Heat, Elimination/dehydration

1° alcohol to aldehyde,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI), Simple distillation, Oxidation

Aldehyde to 1° alcohol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

NaBH4, Reduction

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI), Reflux, Oxidation

1° alcohol to carboxylic acid,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI), Reflux, Oxidation

Carboxylic acid to 1° alcohol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

NaBH4, Reduction

2° alcohol to ketone,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI), Reflux, Oxidation

Ketone to 2° alcohol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

NaBH4 , Reduction

Carboxylic acid to ester,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Alcohol, conc. H2SO4 (catalyst), reflux, Esterification

Ester to carboxylic acid,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

dilute acid, Heat, Hydrolysis

Alcohol to Ester, Reagents,

Conditions, Name of reaction

Carboxylic acid, conc. H2SO4 OR acid anhydride , Esterification

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile,

Reagents, Name of reaction

H+/NaCN(aq),Nucleophilic addition

Ketone to hydroxynitrile,

Reagents, Name of reaction

H+/NaCN, Nucleophilic addition

Nitrile to carboxylic acid,

(Acidic hydrolysis), Reagents, conditions

HCL & H₂O heat

Polyesters,

Reagents, Name of reaction

Dicarboxylic acid & diol, Condensation polymerisation

Benzene to cyclohexane,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

H2, Ni catalyst, High temperature and pressure, Hydrogenation

Benzene to bromobenzene,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Br2/aluminium chloride catalyst (halogen carrier), Reflux, Bromination

Benzene to nitrobenzene,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Conc. nitric and sulphuric acid, Warm, Nitration

Benzene to methylbenzene,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Choromethane & AlCl3 (catalyst), Anhydrous, Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Benzene to phenylethanone,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Ethanoyl chloride & AlCl3 (catalyst), Anhydrous, Friedel-Crafts acylation

Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol,

Reagents, Conditions, Name of reaction

Bromine water, Room temp, Bromination

Polyamides,

Reagents , Name of reaction

Dicarboxylic acid & diamine, Condenstaion polymerisation