Unit 4 World Civilization

Germanic Kingdoms of “Rome”

Angles, Saxon, and Jutes, Franks, Burgundians, Visigoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards

Romulus Augustulus

The last true western roman emperor, deposed by german chief Odovacar

Attila the Hun

leader of the huns and married a young princess that was 18, he was 60

Battle of Adrianople

Visigoths rebelled the Romans, destroyed entire legion and killed Emperor Valens

Visigoths

one of the German Kingdoms

Ostrogoths

German tribe living north of the Black Sea, 372 AD Huns destroyed most

patriarch

the head and Constantinople as the capital at the Greek Orthodox Church

The patriarch

appointed and/or dismissed by the emperor as a figurehead

Greek Orthodox Church

in the east with the patriarch as the head and Constantinople as the capital

Port of Byzantium

330 AD, Constantine stood here and proclaimed this city to be the new capital of the eastern rome empire

Nicene Creed

Uniform pledge for all christian beliefs

Who adopted the Nicene Creed

Council of Nicaea

divine right

Constantine claimed to be the emperor “by the grace of god”

Edict of Milan

this presidential order legalized christianity within the Roman Empire, ending religious persecution

Constantine

called the “first christian emperor”

Who seized the throne in battle against other Romans

Constantine

Pantheon

a temple to all gods

Hadrian’s Wall

a wall built across northern Britain to keep the Scots out and blocked the Germans between the Rhine and Danube rivers.

Mare Nostrum

Our sea

Mare Nostrum

the shore of the Mediterranean Sea, which Romans called

the Colosseum

50,000 seat, opened with 100 days of bloody slaughter in 80 AD

Pompeii

the eruption of volcano Vesuvius came near noon hours (6 miles south)

Herculaneum

the eruption of volcano Vesuvius, wooden objects were preserved here (4 miles west)

Vesuvius

a volcano that erupted that hit 9 different roman towns

Sanhedrin

Pharisees and Sadducees supreme court of the jews was called the

zealots

a group of fiery Jewish nationalists who wanted to murder the Romans by

the bushels, kick them out of Palestine, and set up an independent Jewish nation

Who wanted to set up an independent Jewish nation

zealots

Sadducees

Rich Jews who were cozy with the Romans and did not want a Messiah

rocking the boat because it would cost them money

Who did not like the Romans, but played up to them in order to get their “government contracts” to become wealthier

Sadducees

Pharisees

Jewish “priests” who were devoted to the Torah (Books of Moses in the Bible) were absolutely devoted to the letter of the law

who hated the Romans, but also refused to accept the idea that Jesus was the Messiah

Pharisees

self-righteous bigots and extreme right-wing reactionaries who were against change in religion

Pharisees

Herod

king of the Jews, was a Roman puppet put in power by the Romans

wanted no kind of Messiah because he was a megalomaniac and would kill anyone who claimed to be the king of the Jews

Herod

His power rested on the tips of Roman swords

Herod

the Messiah

the anointed one

Pax Romana

Aka roman peace

Pax Romana lasted from

27 BC- 193 AD

Under who did the Pax Romana begin

Augustus

Rhine-Danube Line

the Roman Empire‟s northern border

Who established the Roman Empire‟s northern border

Augustus

Battle of Actium

Off the west coast of greece Cleopatra

When Julius Caesar died who did he leave the Roman Empire to

Octavian Caesar, his 19 year old nephew

Ides of March

he came before the Senate, walked up as if to greet him, and pulled knives and assassinated Caesar, even Brutus

What did Caesar force the senate to declare him

Dictator for Life

triumph

a grand military parade for all conquering heroes

Caesarion

Cleopatra and Julius Caesar’s son

who committed suicide by ordering up an asp (a rightly poisonous snake)

Cleopatra

Cleopatra

19 year old who had a child with Julius Caesar

Commentary on the Gallic Wars

During

9 years of war in Gaul, Caesar wrote a series of articles detailing his conquests and sent them to Rome where copies were posted in the forum

What was Julius Caesar’s southern boundary?

Rubicon River

When was Julius Caesar born

100 BC

the heart of the city is known as the

forum

The first welfare system in history was called

Bread and Circuses

Bread and Circuses

the government issued the bread to the Roman mob and built huge circular race tracks for gladiatorial combats for the purpose of entertaining the mob and keeping its mind off revolution

latifundia

small farmers sold their land to Patricians and Equites who, collected these former small land holdings into huge slave plantations called

equites

originated as cavalry soldiers; the closest thing that Ancient Rome had to a bourgeoisie or middle class

senatorial nobility

The highest of the Patrician Order, they controlled the government of Rome and made all laws

The Senatorial Nobility had how many senators

300

Non-Senatorial Nobility

all Patricians that were not elected to the Roman Senate

Carthaginian Peace

the total destruction of an enemy

demilitarized

all weapons taken away

What city was ordered demilitarized

Carthage

Scipio faced Hannibal’s huge army and 80 elephants at this battle

Battle of Zama

new name Scipio Africanus in honor of his great victory at Zama in Africa

battle of zama

Who faced Hannibal’s huge army and 80 elephants

Scipio

Who won the battle of zama

Scipio

Hannibal fought his greatest battle at this battle

Battle of Cannae

mahout

elephants rider

Hannibal

son of general defeated in First Punic War

raven’s break

30-foot gang way tipped with an iron spike

Punic Wars

The series of three wars waged between Rome and Carthage

disbandment

all the men were stripped of weapons and armor, dishonorably discharged, and the legion standard (the legions battle pole and flag) was destroyed

decimation

death penalty where they counted the ranks and every “tenth” man was executed as an example for others

When was decimation used

If a whole unit deserted or mutinied in battle

crenellated battlement

looks like jack-o-lantern teeth

roman siege

consisted of surrounding a city and starving it into submission

gladius

Each soldier carried a rectangular shield and a sword

3 types of armor

chain-mail, scale and plate

Chain-mail armor

consisted of 1000s of tiny metal rings interconnected to form a protective shirt

Scale armor

consisted of 100s of large flakes of bronze wired together and sewn on a linen shirt

Plate armor

was fashioned of beaten metal sheets specially conformed to the body

They only received about 1/3 of the pay as a Roman soldier, but also received a bronze tablet called a _ upon discharge that made them and their children „citizens of Rome.

diploma

auxiliaries

additional soldiers

each cohort was divided into

5 centuries

century=

100; usually about 80 men

each legion was divided into

10 cohorts; consisting of about 500 men

at the peak of development, the army was divided into

28 legions of 5500 men

Who took over app Valley

Romans after defeating the celt’s

celts of the po valley were located in

northern italy

Pyrrhus

the greek general

Who defeated the Romas

Pyrrhus

basilicas

roman judges in courthouses

Who administered the laws of the roman legal principals

Basilicas

the movement of equal civil rights for all Roman men began with the enactment of the

Law of the 12 Tables

The tribal assembly was made up of men called

tribunes

The plebeians had a representative body called the

Tribal Assembly

The senate represented the patrician class (also called order) and each year the Senate elected two men called

consuls

representative government

the Roman Republic was also called

Roman Republic

In the revolt of 509 BC the Romans abolished the Etruscan kingship and established the _ in its place