onramps midtrm review

To what extent was the radical republican plan for reconstruction radical?

The radical republican plan wanted to punish the southern states harshly while also giving freedoms and rights to African Americans. Their plan was met with resistance by Andrew Johnson and other democrats

what did radical republicans believe?(include example of radical republican)

radical republicans like Thaddeus Stevens believed that African Americans should have been given property and rights and by doing so, they would prosper

what did republicans think about the radical reconstruction plan?

Republicans like Andrew Johnson disagreed with the plan. for example, he disagreed with the freedman’s bureau which he believed was too expensive and unnecessary. he also believed that freeing the slaves was good enough.

what was the freedman’s bureau?

The freedman’s bureau was a government agency that helped former slaves after the civil war. It provided them food, medical care, land, and education

the 14th amendment

made all people born on U.S. soil citizens including african americans it also said that slaveowners would not repaid for losing their “property”(slaves)

the 15th amendment

gave african americans the right to vote, however many loopholes were found to prevent this from happening like requiring poll taxes and literacy tests

to what extent were African Americans protected by the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments? What forces shaped freed people’s lives during reconstruction and the latter 19th century?

the 13th-15th amendments granted African Americans citizenship, the right to vote and individual freedoms, however there were loopholes that allows practices that essentially brought back slavery. Black codes restricted their rights, sharecropping, debt peonage, and convict leasing were all examples of unfair systems of labor that mistreated workers and made it nearly impossible for them to succeed.

The 13th amendment

abolished slavery, but slaveowners found loopholes through debt peonage, convict leasing, and sharecropping

robber baron

wealthy industrialists who manipulated markets, safeguarded monopolies, and mistreated their workers

horizontal integration

when a company merges with its competitors to reduce competition

vertical integration

a company that takes ownership over multiple stages of its supply chain

The Civil rights act of 1866

An act that protect the rights of all people in the U.S. It was vetoed by Andrew Johnson, but it was overridden by congress

were late 19th century industrial magnates captains of industry, without whom this country could not have taken its place as a great industrial power, or were they robber barons, limiting healthy competition and robbing the poor to benefit the rich?

These robber barons helped transform the united states and grow the economy. They introduced new technologies business models, philanthropy, and created millions of jobs due to their success. On the other hand, their workers were paid low wages, were exploited and treated harshly. Robber barons also bribed politicians and practiced lobbying to gain favorable policies. There also remained a large divide between the wealthy who were extremely rich and the working class who lived in poverty.

Andrew Carnegie

Worked in the steel industry, used vertical integration, was a philanthropist and believed that the wealthy should reduce poverty and help society

John D Rockefeller

founded the standard oil corporation, used horizontal and vertical integration along with ruthless methods to reduce competition that caused controversy

J.P. Morgan

investment banker who bought and sold stock in various companies

transcontinental railroad

allowed for easier westward expansion because the railroad reached all parts of the continent

homestead act

the government encouraged westward expansion through this act which allowed people to claim land if they lived there for 5 years and improved it

turner’s frontier thesis

he argued that the frontier developed the American identity of individualism, innovation, and democracy

Dawes act

authorized the government to break up tribal lands by dividing them into individual plots. only native americans who accepted could be citizens. Purpose was to assimilate natives to white society

Considering american individualism, to what degree was turner’s thesis a myth or reality?

turner believed that the frontier helped develop the American identity of individualism, innovation, and democracy. westward expansion did contribute to innovation, for example railroads and the homestead act contributed to individualism. On the other hand, there were harmful effects on native Americans. increased settlement caused the Dawes act to form which forced native Americans to assimilate to white culture, leaving theirs behind

The great railroad strike of 1877

the first major nationwide labor strike in the united states

upton sinclair

wanted to reform the meat packing industry, created a book called the jungle which exposed factory conditions, lead to the creation of the FDA

Jane Addams

created the hull house, for immigrant factories, advocated for child labor and women’s rights