Major World Religions and Renaissance Exploration Overview

Hinduism

A major world religion originating in South Asia.

Aryan Migration

Aryans migrated into South Asia around 1500 BC.

Vedic Age

Period created by the Aryans after their migration.

Vedas

Sacred texts written during the Vedic Age.

Caste System

Society organized into hierarchical groups.

Brahmins

Priests in the Hindu caste system.

Kshatriyas

Warriors and rulers in the Hindu caste system.

Vaishyas

Merchants and farmers in the Hindu caste system.

Shudras

Laborers in the Hindu caste system.

Untouchables/Dalits

Groups outside the traditional Hindu caste system.

Upanishads

Philosophical texts that explore the main ideas of Hinduism.

Brahman

Universal spiritual force in Hinduism.

Atman

Individual soul in Hinduism.

Reincarnation

The rebirth of the soul after death.

Moksha

Release from the cycle of reincarnation.

Karma

The belief that actions determine future lives.

Dharma

Moral duty based on one's caste.

Buddhism

A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama.

Siddhartha Gautama

Born a prince, became the Buddha after seeking truth.

Four Noble Truths

Core principles of Buddhism regarding suffering.

Nirvana

Freedom from suffering and rebirth in Buddhism.

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Hebrews.

Torah

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible.

Christianity

A religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Bible

Sacred text of Christianity, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad.

Koran

The holy book of Islam, containing revelations to Muhammad.

Five Pillars of Islam

The basic acts of worship in Islam.

Caliph

A Muslim ruler.

Jihad

Struggle in God's name.

Mosque

Place of worship in Islam.