Colonization and Industrialization Review

These flashcards cover significant concepts related to colonization, industrialization, and associated historical figures from the lecture material.

Colonization of Africa difficulties

Warring armies, difficult-to-navigate rivers, and disease.

European nation that attempted to invade Ethiopia

Italy.

Ethiopian leader who resisted colonization

Menelik II.

Company influential in India before 1858

British East India Company.

Result of the Sepoy Mutiny

The British government took direct command of India.

Indian leader who modernized and called for social reforms

Ram Mohun Roy.

Substance smuggled into China by Great Britain

Opium.

Nation that lost the Opium Wars

China.

Policy that opened China to trade with all nations

Open Door Policy.

How Japan resisted Western imperialism

Industrialization and competitiveness in technology.

Nation annexed and ruled harshly by Japan

Korea.

Japan's first colonies

Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands.

Industrial Revolution characterized by the use of

Machines and new energy sources.

Three factors of production for industrialization

Land, labor, capital.

Country where the Industrial Revolution began

Great Britain.

First area to be industrialized

Textile industry.

Significance of the steam engine

Powered machines and allowed factories to be built anywhere.

1819 Factory Act

Limited working hours for children and improved working conditions.

Description of early industrial cities

Overcrowded, polluted, unsanitary.

Description of early industrial factories

Dangerous, long hours, low pay, child labor.

Resources used to produce goods

Factors of production.

Economic system with private ownership of production

Capitalism.

Who receives profits in a capitalist system?

Individual owners.

Belief in individualism and freedom

Liberalism.

Economic theory with no government intervention in business

Laissez-faire economics.

First major advocate of laissez-faire economics

Adam Smith.

What democratic liberals favored

Individual rights and constitutional government.

Who believed government should help those in need?

Social reformers.

Advocate for individual freedom and women's rights

John Stuart Mill.

Advocate for community or state ownership of property

Socialism.

Established socialist community in New Harmony

Robert Owen.

Influencer of Karl Marx's views on distribution

Henri de Saint-Simon.

Who distributes goods in communism?

The government.

Work outlining Marx's views

The Communist Manifesto.

Struggle in Marx's historical view

Bourgeoisie and proletariat.

Association of laborers for change

Labor union.

Goals of labor unions

Better pay, working conditions, hours, rights for workers.

Inventor of the steam engine

James Watt.

English textile worker who built the first U.S. textile mill

Samuel Slater.

Who proved germs had to be killed for surgical safety

Joseph Lister.

Discoverer of polonium and radium

Marie Curie.

Proponent of atomic theory

John Dalton.

Discovered and named bacteria

Louis Pasteur.

Introduced assembly line production of automobiles

Henry Ford.

Major part of assembly line production

Specialization of labor.

Inventor of the first workable airplane

Wright brothers.

First transatlantic radio signal broadcaster

Guglielmo Marconi.

Inventor of the telephone

Alexander Graham Bell.

Inventor of the first light bulb

Thomas Edison.

What did Great Britain do to protect industrial secrets?

Banned engineers and mechanics from leaving the country.

Measure of industrialization growth

Cities/urbanization.

Environmental impact of urbanization

Pollution, deforestation, poor sanitation.

New middle class during urbanization

Industrialists, merchants, professionals.

Who received extended voting rights from the Reform Bill of 1832?

Middle-class men.

Chartist movement demands along with universal male suffrage

Secret ballot, annual elections, equal electoral districts.

Countries without universal male suffrage by 1900

France, Germany, Austria.

Amendment extending citizenship rights to all Americans

14th Amendment.

Themes of Romanticism

Nature, emotion, individualism, imagination, rebellion.

Romantic reflection in The Third of May

Shows dramatic emotion, heroism, horror of human events.

John Constable known for

Landscape paintings.

Joseph Mallard Turner known for

Dramatic seascapes and natural disasters.

Subject matter of Gericault’s Raft of the Medusa

Human struggle and tragedy.

Subject matter of Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People

Revolutionary heroism and nationalism.

Type of nationalist movement for culturally similar lands

Unification.

Type of nationalist movement for culturally distinct groups into one state

State-building.

Type of nationalist movement resisting state addition

Separation.

Loyalty concept to a nation over monarchy

Nationalism.

Year nationalist revolutions swept through Europe

1848.

Description of the 1848 nationalist revolutions

None were successful in abolishing monarchy long term.

Amendment guaranteeing voting right for former male slaves

15th Amendment.

Amendment abolishing slavery in the U.S.

13th Amendment.

Amendment granting women the right to vote in the U.S.

19th Amendment.

Canada's right to control its own affairs as a dominion

Domestic.

Democratic reform pioneered by Australia

Women’s suffrage.

Country separate from the UK today

New Zealand.

First nation to grant women suffrage

New Zealand.

Prime Minister of Piedmont

Cavour.

Leader of Italian revolutionary force “Red Shirts”

Garibaldi.

Italian leader in early 19th century revolutions

Mazzini.

Most responsible for German unification

Bismarck.

German state leading unification process

Prussia.

Where Germany signed its Proclamation of the Empire

Hall of Mirrors.

Policy of extending a country's power over another

Imperialism.

Reasons for 19th-century imperialism

Economic, exploratory, ethnocentric, political/nationalism.

Name of meeting to divide Africa

Berlin Conference.

African places remaining independent after colonization

Liberia and Ethiopia.

Goal of Cecil Rhodes regarding Africa

Control Africa from Egypt to South Africa.

Country that was part of the Ottoman Empire

Turkey.

Result of Egypt building the Suez Canal

British oversight of financial control.

Two nations dividing control of Iran

Russia and Britain.

Country that colonized India

Great Britain.

Why India was called Britain’s “jewel in the crown”

It was the most valuable colony.

U.S. involvement in Hawaii

American companies established sugar-cane plantations.

Territory gained by the U.S. after the Spanish-American War

Puerto Rico and Guam.

Definition of capitalism

Economic system with individual ownership of production, profits, and little government interference.

Significance of assembly line production

Mass production of goods with specialized labor, lowering costs.

How women gained suffrage rights

Organized, protested, and campaigned for rights.

How Germany unified

Bismarck used wars, diplomacy, and realpolitik to unite states.