Reading 7: Social Theory and the Street Cop: The Case of Deadly Force Ideas in American Policing

These flashcards cover key concepts from David Klinger's lecture on the interplay of social theory and police practices, especially regarding the use of deadly force.

What is the primary focus of the lecture by David Klinger?

The use of social theory to understand and improve police practices concerning deadly force.

Who is David Klinger?

David Klinger, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Missouri–St. Louis, and a former police officer with research focus on the use of force by police.

What are the two primary functions of social theory in public policy related to crime and justice?

(1) Guiding the actions of criminal justice agencies and personnel; (2) Explaining to the public how and why these agencies act.

How does social theory help police operations?

It provides a framework for setting goals, developing procedures, and tailoring training which enhances public understanding and support.

Why is the decision to use deadly force critical for police officers?

It involves the exercise of the state's power to end lives, with significant social consequences.

What does James Fyfe suggest about the use of tactical knowledge in police work?

He advocates for using tactical knowledge and concealment to reduce the necessity for deadly force.

What is the significance of cover in police tactics?

Cover allows officers to reduce their exposure to gunfire and gain time to assess dangerous situations.

What was a key finding regarding police arrest policies for domestic violence?

Arresting batterers reduces the odds of subsequent violence, influenced by deterrence theory.

What is the ‘broken windows’ theory in policing?

It posits that addressing minor offenses can prevent larger crime problems.

What does the sociology of risk and mistake focus on?

It analyzes how individuals in organizations perceive risks and make decisions to reduce human and monetary losses.

How do officer-involved shootings typically occur according to the lecture?

They are rare and governed by strict rules, primarily occurring when lives are in imminent danger.

What is ‘normal accident theory’ (NAT)?

A theory explaining how complex systems can lead to unforeseen negative outcomes, applicable to police contexts.

What are the implications of NAT for understanding police shootings?

It helps identify that some shootings are unavoidable due to tightly coupled systems and complex interactions.

What examples illustrate the concept of preventable shootings?

The Amadou Diallo case and the shooting of Officer Lowry, which both highlight how tightly coupled systems can lead to tragedy.

Why is it important to understand the context of police shootings?

To distinguish between unintended consequences of officer actions and willful misconduct.

How can tactical principles prevent unnecessary shootings?

By structuring interactions with citizens appropriately, maintaining distance, and using cover effectively.