Replication, Transcription, and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for exam preparation.

DNA replication is __.

The process by which the DNA molecule is copied before cell division.

helicase

__ unwinds the double helix at the origin during DNA replication.

Single-stranded DNA __ keep the DNA strands separate during replication.

Proteins that keep the DNA strands separate during replication.

__ reduces the increased coiling generated during DNA unwinding.

An enzyme that reduces the increased coiling generated during DNA unwinding.

__ synthesizes an RNA primer for the initiation of new strand synthesis.

An enzyme that synthesizes an RNA primer for the initiation of new strand synthesis.

DNA __ adds complementary nucleotides during DNA replication.

Adds complementary nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands.

New DNA strands are synthesized from __.

Synthesized from 5’ to 3’, resulting in one leading strand and one lagging strand.

DNA polymerase removes __ during DNA replication.

Removes RNA primers during DNA replication.

DNA __ allows joining of the gaps between Okazaki fragments.

Allows joining of the gaps in between Okazaki fragments.

Prokaryotes have a __ origin of replication.

Single

Eukaryotes have __ origins of replication.

Multiple

The rate of replication in prokaryotes is __.

1000 nucleotides/s

The rate of replication in eukaryotes is __.

50 to 100 nucleotides/s

Telomerase is __ in prokaryotes.

Not present

Telomerase is __ in eukaryotes.

Present

Messenger RNA (mRNA) __.

Encodes the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) __.

Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) __.

Combines with proteins to form a ribosome, the catalyst for translation.

In prokaryotes, gene expression __.

All occurs in the cytoplasm (no nucleus)

In eukaryotes, transcription __.

Transcription occurs inside the nucleus

prometer

Region that defines where transcription begins.

The coding region __.

Encodes the RNA and/or protein sequence.

The __ is the region that defines where transcription stops.

Region that defines where transcription stops.

In initiation, __ enters the A-site.

tRNA (start codon) with complementary anticodon enters the A-site

In elongation, __.

The amino acid from the first tRNA joins to the second amino acid by forming peptide bonds.

In termination, __.

A release factor enters the A-site causing termination of the translation process.

__ are proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.